Chapter 2 Flashcards
Primary Engine of change in cities
Economic
Why is the economy the primary engine of change/development in cities?
cities developed as central points within economic systems
agrarian, merchant, capital, industrial
Preconditions to urban formation
ECOLOGY
TECHNOLOGY
POWER (and social organization)
Civilisation
A complex socio-cultural organization that contains formal instrituions and that organizes strangers in a cohesive community under centralized authority
ECOLOGICAL settings crucial in for the development of early cities (5)
- fertile land
- fixed source of water
- proximity other resources (minerals/building materials)
- natural transportation
- often with defensive attributes (elevated, surrounded by water)
TECHNOLOGICAL advances crucial for the development of early cities (3)
- agricultural technology (to produce a surplus) (irrigation, wheels, tools)
- transportation and storage of food
- building technology
SOCIAL ORGANIZATION and POWER crucial for the development of early cities (5)
- social organization to tie people together
- organization to get food
- organization to construct and maintain physical aspects
- organization/power for control over resources
- marshal the activities of the population
Early cities functioned economically as centers of…
extraction and/or redistribution
Main reason for the development of written language
for cities to keep track of trade/economic transactions
Primary factors to the emergence of cities (4)
AGRICULTURAL SURPLUS
RELIGION
DEFENSIVE NEEDS
TRADING REQUIREMENTS
3 pillars of sustainability
ECONOMY
ENVIRONMENT
SOCIAL
World city example
London, Tokyo, New York
Along which river did the Sumerian city of Ur lie?
Euphrates
Example of a trading/capitalist city
Venice
Example of an industrial city
England