The Economic Determinants of Democracy and Dictatorship

Question 1

Contestation

Answer 1

extent to which citizens are free to organize themselves into competing blocs and press for the policies and outcomes they desire

Question 2

Inclusion

Answer 2

extent to which citizens get to participate in the political process

Question 3

Modernization
Theory

Answer 3

assumes that a state should become more democratic as it develops economically, and the democracy is more stable as development increases

Question 4

Credible
Commitment
Problem

Answer 4

the ruler can renege on negotiations with economic elite after a crisis has ended
Solutions to credible commitment problem:
Enforceable Contracts
Repeated Interactions
Institutions that alter the distribution of power

Question 5

Exit, Voice, Loyalty
Theory

Answer 5

Economic elites with mobile assets demanding reforms that altered the distribution of power and demonstrated a credible exit threat led to the development of proto-democratic institutions
Example: UK
Economic elites with fixed assets demanding reforms that altered the distribution, however without a credible exit threat, meant rulers could ignore threats and continue with predatory behavior
Example: France

Question 6

Political Resource
Curse

Answer 6

A theory that predicts that countries dependent on revenue from natural resources are unlikely to democratize and are prone to corruption, poor governance, and civil war