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Geography > The Earth > Flashcards

The Earth Flashcards

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0
Q

Which of earths layer is the hottest?

A

The (inner) core

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1
Q

Name the different layers of the earth

A
  1. Crust
  2. Mantle (magma)
  3. Outer core
  4. Inner core
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2
Q

What is the crust made of?

A

Rock

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3
Q

What is the mantle made of?

A

Semi-molten rock (magma)

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4
Q

What is the core made of?

A

Iron and nickel

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5
Q

What happens when two plates collide?

A

When two plates collide, the heavier plate is pushed downwards into the mantle

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6
Q

What happens when plates pull apart?

A

When plates pull apart, the magma rises up and cools to form more crust

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7
Q

Name all plates

A 
~Eurasian
~Nazca
~American
~Indian
~Australian
~Pacific
~African
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8
Q

Name 2 plates that are in collision

A

The Nazca plate and American plate

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9
Q

Name 2 plates that are pulling apart

A

The Eurasian plate and American plate

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10
Q

What are plates?

A

Plates are sections of the Earth’s crust

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11
Q

Name 3 activities that take place at plate boundaries

A

~Mountain building activity
~Volcanic activity
~Earthquake activity

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12
Q

Why do plates move?

A

Plates move because of convection currents

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13
Q

What are convection currents?

A

Convection currents occur in the mantle, when the magma rises up towards the crust, it then cools and sinks back down to the bottom, this causes the plates to move

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14
Q

What was the name of the original continent on the Earth?

A

Pangaea

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15
Q

How did Pangaea break up? What was this called?

A

The continent began to break up, and the sections that broke off eventually began to drift away, to form the continents we know today, this was called continental drift

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16
Q

What is a mid-ocean ridge?

A

A mid-ocean ridge is an underwater mountain range, with volcanic islands

17
Q

How is a mid-ocean ridge formed?

A

A mid-ocean ridge is formed when two plates pull apart and mantle rises up and cools to form and underwater mountain range and volcanic islands

18
Q

Name a volcanic island and how it was formed?

A

Iceland was formed when the American and Eurasian plates pulled apart to create a volcanic island

19
Q

What is geothermal energy?

A

Geothermal energy is hot water or steam underneath the Earth’s surface which is converted into electricity

20
Q

How are volcanic mountains formed?

A

Volcanic mountains are formed when magma erupts through a hole in the crust called a vent

21
Q

Where are volcanoes generally found?

A

Volcanoes are usually found on plate boundaries

22
Q

Where are half of the worlds active volcanoes found?

A

The Pacific Ring of Fire

23
Q

What is an active volcano?

A

A volcano that still erupts regularly

24
Q

What is a dormant volcano?

A

A volcano that hasn’t erupted for many years but could still erupt

25
Q

What is an extinct volcano?

A

A volcano that no longer erupts

26
Q

Name an active volcano

A

Mount Etna

27
Q

Name a dormant volcano

A

Mount St Helens

28
Q

Name an extinct volcano

A

Slemish Mountain

29
Q

What is a tsunami?

A

A huge wave

30
Q

What is a tsunami caused by?

A

An underwater earthquake

31
Q

What is an earthquake?

A

A trembling or sudden movement of Earth’s crust

32
Q

Where and how do earthquakes occur?

A

Earthquakes occur on plate boundaries where plates collide, as pressure builds up between the two plates it is finally released in the form of an earthquake

33
Q

What is a focus?

A

The focus is the point in the Earth’s crust where the earthquake begins

34
Q

What is the epicentre?

A

The epicentre is the point directly above the focus on the surface of the Earth’s crust, the earthquake is strongest here

35
Q

What are aftershocks?

A

After shocks are small tremors that occur after an earthquake

36
Q

Why do aftershocks cause a lot of damage?

A

Aftershocks cause a lot of damage because all of the buildings and soil have been loosened by the bigger earthquake causing them to fall and break more easily

37
Q

What is an earthquake measured with?

A

A seismograph or a seismometer

38
Q

What is the Richter Scale?

A

The Richter Scale measures the force of an earthquake it ranges from 1 to 10, 1 being weak and 10 being very powerful

39
Q

How are fold mountains formed?

A

Fold mountains are formed when two plates collide and the rocks on the plates buckle and fold to create fold mountains

40
Q

Where are fold mountains located?

A

At plate boundaries

41
Q

Where are mid-ocean ranges located?

A

At plate boundaries

Geography (7 decks)

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