The early principate Flashcards
what does the principate refer to
what does the dominant refer to
Principate - part of the imperial era where the emperor is still pretending to be a citizen with a lot of clout
Dominant - the emperor are being referred to as lord and god, where they admit they are emperors
________ represents an enlightened dictatorship - bringing about social transformations
augustus
The people who follow augustus are called what? why?
the Julio-Claudian
Cause the claudius family intermarried with the julius family
Augustus is julius caesar’s grand nephew
augustus settles on ________ to be his successor cause the others kept _____
Tiberius (his step son)
dying
Augusuts wanted to control beyond his ________, of what things?
beyond his lifetime
The senate
The equites
The roman people
The provincials
The army (maius imperius)
the political difficulties of augustus’ successor usually came from neglecting _____ _______ and from alienating Rome’s ______ and _______ elite
civil consensus
political and military elite
significant for success of an emporor was their relationship to the _____ and Rome’s _______ traditions
army, military
although ugusuts said he wanted rome’s border to remain the same (in his will) the boders were frequently ________ with kings , esp with _______ becaused they separated rome from the Parthians (enemy)
renegotiated, Armenia
Augustus forced _______ him to divorce his first wife to marry his daughter _______ (the slut)
Tiberius, Julia
where was tiberius become he was called back to rome
Tiberius has gone to an island to live a secluded life before he was called back to rome
TIberius was a good ______________ ________ n shit but he had bad ________ skills,
Military commander, social skills
(introverted, cold and socially clumsy )
Tiberius’ general distrust combined with his military exp led hi to rely on the ____________ _______
he also built huge ______ at the edge of rome
ensured all future emproror would have ______ ______
Praetorian guard
barracks
body guards
When tiberius takes over after augustus dies, augus’ will makes tiberius his principle heir on what condition
this was _______
that he names his (tib’s) nephew germanicus (instead of his son) to be his principle successor
embarassing
Tiberius follows Augutus’ policy of limited _______ - no _________ wars, _____-_______ analysis
expansion
pointless, cost-advj
Germanicus was very successful in quelling the uprising going on in ________, soon he moved to ______
Germany
Syria
How does Germanicus die and why was is sus af
dies of high fever - in his room they found strange symbols that had painted over, sacrificed animals - suspicion he was poisoned
how did people react to germanicus’ death? what was his funeral like?
People really liked germanicus so they were sad
When he came back tiberius decided on a small funeral, the people wanted a huge one so they were outraged
People gathered during the moving of his body sobbing
Ugly time for tiberius
the _____ ______ began claiming that if you’re diminishing the respect for tiberius (leadsing to civil war possibly) you can be persecuted
majesty trials
one dude melted statue of tiberius to repurpose, what did the majesty trials do
n court they saw this as a direct attack on tiberius, they were punished
_______ would snitch on people at dinner parties and shit, claiming they talked down on tib
informants
this time was an increase reliance on the _____ __________
Tiberius’ was named _______
praetorian guard
sejanus
Tiberius became more of a ________, so he had _______ do his speaking for him
he rent into _____-_____
recluse
Sejanus
semi-retirement
Tib finds out thru Sejanus that his own son was planning to kill him and take over, his daughter in law (wife) confirms
what was actually doing on here
Sejanus and his daughter in law were actually lovers and planned his to get his son out the way - wanted to take over from tiberius - they got married
Sejanus was basically running rome, how?
Sejanus claimed what he said was from tiberius so no one could speak against him
Sejanus is______, and then _______
The people in ________ are worshipping tiberius for what the roman empire has become - inside rome is a _____ _____
arrested, killed
provinces, shit show
how were many emporors killed?
their own body guards
in tiberius’ rule, why did many people want to expand north towards germany
Long border to the north was hard to defend so they wanted to expand to where the border became half the size (north) towards Germany
Who succeeded Germanicus
Gaius (Caligula)
his nephew
why was gaius nicknamed caligula
how did ppl feel abt him
Nicknames ‘little boots’ which in latin is Calihula
love him
what did gaius (caligula)’s early policies
(hint - they were opp to tiberius’ )
Lowered taxes
The games will be paid by govvy
New construction of temples
No more majesty trials - anyone exiled won’t be prosecuted and can return to rome
They say Gaius had some _________ and completely changed his bahaviour
madness/illness
gaius ______ the govvy from all the staues n shit he built
bankrupt
gauius made it a crim for anyone to do what
Made it a crime from anyone to look down on him (literally
If he was a parade anyone who looked down from an apartment had to not look out
gauis made it illegal to say what
goat
gaius impregnated his ______ and ate the _____
sister, foetus
gauis invaded where? claiming to conquor it (cwazy mofo)
atlantic ocean
who killed gaius
this praetorian guard
who was gaius’ successor
his uuncle, claudius
claudius was the last of…?
the julio-claudisn
claudius had been in ________ due to fear from the guard that killed guius
hiding
thye found claudius hiding behind a _______ and praised him as an emporor
curtain
why was claudius still alaive throught the rule of the other emporor
The reason he was still alive is cause everyone thought he was a retard - was partially deaf( talked weird), had a limp
people thought claudius was dummy, was he?
Turns out he was pre smart
He was a scholar
When claudius became emperor, oversaw invasion of _______
britain
claudius brought back finacial _______ and fixed the ________ in rome
responsibility, bankruptcy
claudius Insisted the ________ bids (who would build a harbour) that he would oversee, checked expenses to ensure no _________
harbour, embezzelment
when the pratorian guard nominated claudius, he gave him a ton of money
what did this cause
caused other praetorian guard to assume they got a bonus every time they joined
Since claudius was isolated from his family, his close circle of ______, including some _____ were his main entourage
this annoyed the __________ cause they had to go to non-___________ to ask for favours
friends, slaves
aristocrats, aristocrats
__________ was claudius’ first wife, he didint seem to care that she was ______
he loved her so much that everyone was ____ to ___ him
messelina, unfaithful
afraid to tell him
Messelina had an illegitimate ___________ ________ with one of her lovers
how did she make people attend?
wedding ceremony
(if they dont shell find a way to rpocecutethme
how did ppl tell clauius that messelina was unfaithful
got him drunk
who was claudius’ second wife
She was his niece and the sister of ________
Fell madly in love again
They chose Agripina to be the next
She was his niece and the sister of Caligula
Agripina turned out to be super _____ ______ - convinced him to bypass his own _____ to instead favour her ______ and to _______ her son to his daughter
strong willed
son,son
marry
who was claudius’ successor
Nero
Agrapina’s son takes over
nero was a _____ boy
Had ______ with his and his mothers face
mama’s boy
coins
At a dinner party, Nero’s step brother __________ (the _______ son of claudius) chokes and dies
britannicus
natural
nero didnt want to do the things necessary to be an emporor, he liked it only enough to remain in the position
what did he wanna be
wanted to be a performer - wrote plays and shows
nero’s ______ chose eveyrthing for him
such as his ______ and his ______
nero want to do what
mother
mistress, wife
get rid of her
how did nero plan to get ride of agripina (mummy)
he puts her on a boat with water soluble glue
Planning for her to die on boat
As they drown, a slave claims to be agripina and is killed when she says that
Agripina sees this and catches on
Swims to shore
after the boat plan failes, what does nero claim
what does she reply
he claims that she throws a knife at her
She says “kill me now and stab me where i gave birth to this snake”
nero sets up an ______ _______ named the Neronia - which he_____
athletic festival
enters
they called nero the _______
performer
nero goes on a tour and enters over 1000 contests across the area in acting, athletics, etc
howd this go for him
wins all fo em
When he gave performances, you were not allowed to leave, and people HAD to clap, whoever stopped clapping first was killed
Massive fire in rome destroys 3?4 of the city
_______ started that ______ set it
he blamed it on the _______
rumours, nero
christians
as report of ______ in gaul and germany came about, the ______ finally disowned nero
they names him a _____ _____
revolts
senate
public enemy
how did nero die
suicide
where was nero most popular
outside of rome, namely greede
In year after Nero’s death, 4 diff commanders in _____, _____, _____, and ______ are named by their own commanders as _______
cause a ______ war in rome as they were all marhing on them
who wins and why
spain, germant, rome and judaea
emporor
civil
Judea bc thay had the biggest army
the Julio-Claudian continuation of augustus’ principate had many ______, _____, and ______ changes
economic, social, military
Military limited to ____,00 legionaries plus auxiliaries plus navy
150
Switch from agrarian to commodity economy
what does this mean
Agrarian = farmers
commodity = more workshops
Factories start to arise
Much more mass production
peace had been gained by Augustus’ elimination of his rivals, it was maintain by ________ ______
benificial ideaology
what kinds of beneficial ideaologies were gained
Became seen as the job of the emperors to ensure everyone is secure
Not enough to pacify them, you now must assist them and protect them
what did the cirtics of beneficial ideaologies say
Critics - this is a world of “bread and circuses”
Thought the job of the empire was to supply basic needs and entertain you
throughout italy (outside of rome) who was resposible for the colection of taxes, census, supply of men for armies?
local magistrates, and councilors
augustus established a system that didnt rely on bureaucracy imposed by central govvy, but on communities self administration
