End of the republic Flashcards
When pompey returned from his conquest to Mithridates’ ppl gave him ______ and ____
______ abandoned rome as he was approaching
wealth and glory
crassus
pompey took possession of ______ and made it a province
Syria
ppompey entrusted eastern _____ _____ to people sworn to uphold rome’s interests, ______ was the only place without a pact
asia minor
parthia
who did pompey give his wealth to upon return
treasury, soldiers, officers
pompey bwas now richer than _______
crassus
pompey built a _________ in the Campus Martius
theatre
Pompey’s theatre in the Campus maritus was built in ______, had a nude statue of pompey holding a _______
stone
globe
what did the globe that pompey held signify? what surrounded the statue?
Globe signified ‘world conqueror”
Statue surrounded by personifications of the 14 nations he subdued
When Pompey reached Rome, he surprised those who feared him by doing what
disbanding his army and choosing not to conquor them, entering rome as a private citizen
whe pompey arrived in rome the _______ refused to acknowledge his achievements (triumph) and didnt wanna give his soldiers _______
senate
land (honour)
why didnt the senate want to acknowledge pompey’s vicotry
To prevent him from becoming a second sulla
The other senators worried because of how popular pompey was
So many senators were worried that he caused theme to band together and become a faction
The romans stopped doing what when pompey came back
paying taxes
what were the two main concerns held by Pompey upon arrival to Rome
to see his arrangements in the East ratified by the senate
for his soldiers to get land
Pompey’s concerns didnt work out because of a ______ caused by ________
scandal
Publius Clodius Pulcher (Clodius)
Pubblius Clodius Pulcher being a dumbas:
He went to a ceremony in honour of the Bona Dea (“good goddess”) dressed as a _______ cause men weren’t allowed
Did this to get close to _______’s _______, and his _______ whom he wanted to ________
he was caught and _________
Caesar declared him innocent, but still _________ his wife cause he wanted his name/house to be above ____________
He went to a ceremony in honour of the Bona Dea (“good goddess”) dressed as a chick cause men weren’t allowed
Did this to get close to Caesar’s house, and his wife (Pompeia) whom he wanted to fuck
He was caught, and prosecuted
`
Caesar declared him innocent, but still divorced his wife cause he wanted his name/house to be above suspicion
why didnt the senate want to acknowledge pompey’s vicotry
To prevent him from becoming a second sulla
The other senators worried because of how popular pompey was
Clodius’ trial became useful for ______ and political intrigue
bribery
Clodus’ trial:
______ took witness stand to break the alibi of the defence
Clodius claimed to be about from rome the day of the ceremony
Even tho he clearly was _________, a ______ to the jury is was decided his guilt
_______’s devotion to truth created an enemy for himself
Cicero took witness stand to break the alibi of the defence
Claudius claimed to be about 90 miles away from rome the day of the ceremony
Even tho he clearly was trespassing, a bribe to the jury is was decided his guilt
Cicero’s devotion to truth created an enemy for himself
Pompey had his requests stalled again ___ year later, who were the three obstructing him
Lucullus, Cato and other Optimates were obstructive
(esp cato)
one of the things Cato blocked was to do with ______’s innability to ecoup their winning bid in ____ collection
they asked the senate to ______ part of their bid
______ gave his support, cato successfully blocked styll which pissed him off
asia
tax
refund
crassus
cato also blocked a requaest made my _____
caesar
at this point casar is govenor in _____
caesar wanted to become ______
spain
consul
why did casear want to become consul so bad
so he wouldnt get sued
caesar had to cross the ____ to enter rome and become consul, but as soon as he did this would strip him of his ______, and allow for him to be ______
pomperanium
triumph
sued
what was caesar’s request to cato? and how did cato resp
Asked to become candidate for consul without being physically present - so he could keep his triumph
Cato said fuck no, convinced the senate to say no
the _______ is also known as the “three headed monster”, who is apart of it
First Triumvirate
Partnership of Pompey, Crassus and Caesar
triumvirate is a latin word for
“the group of three men”
what resources did each member of the triumvirate eventually accomplish
Pompey would get credit, and his soldiers land
Crassus would get bill passed
Caesar consul, then 5 years as governor of Gaul
Caesar had the ________ but needed ______ to support his candidacy the next year
popularity, money
who was caesar’s opponent for consul?
many senators were ______ him to make sure caesar didnt get in
Cato’s son-in-aw; Calpurnius Bibulus
funding
Pompey, Crassus and Caesar all had bad blood with ____-
cato
_______ brought together ______ and _______ to achieve their goals
_______ and _______ didint get along before
Caesar brought together Pompey and Crassus to achieve their goals
pompey and crassus didnt get along before
Pompey and Crassus both had ______ and _______
influence and money
Before the end of the year the triumvirate invited _______ to join them
he declined cause we wanted everyone in power to ________ _______
cicero
work together
caesar’s family claim to be the ________ family, that their bloodline went back to ______ and founded _____
oldest
venus
rome
caesars family was not super ______ or ______
wealthy or powerful
caesar was married to a woman that _____ didnt like, he was told to ______ her, caesar refused and _____
sulla
divorce
fled rome
who would say “i will do what is best for me no matter what”
caesar
Ceasar was kidnapped by pirates, told them to ______ the amount they were asking because he’s _____ _____
The pirates laughed at his ______
When he was free (as promised to them) he ______ them
double, worth more
poetry
killed
caesar wanted to be consul to get the chance for a high _______ position as a govenor
millitary
cesar goes into ______ from his political campaign
a law is passed putting a ______ to the amount you can _______ on a political campaign
cesar says aight, imma have a ______ for my _____ who died 18 years ago - where he spent a fuck ton and used to campaign (loophole)
debt
limit, spend
funeral, father
caesar and ______ chosen for consul
biblius
caesar proposes a bill for _____ _________
____ and _____ were against it
caesar _______ the senate and bing his proposal directly to the ______ _______ for vote
land distribution
cato and biblius
ignores, tribal assembly
On each day when it was lawful for the Tribal assembly to vote, Bibulus claims what to automatically invalidate the assembly
Bibulus claims to have been looking at the sky for omens
Caesar fixed a day for a vote regardless, how did it go? did it go through?
Bad tings happened
Bibliu’s lictors got their faces smashed
Poop thrown at bibulus
A tribune thrown over a platform
Cato expelled by force when he tried to make a speech
pompeys vote pulled thru, vets got their land
Caesars demands every senator takes an ______ to respect the land distribution - they did
oath
Caesar then got 3 things passed by going directly to the senate
Refund to _______’s _______ ______
ratification of _______’s arrangements in the east
measure to regulate conduct of _______ who governed provinces, including procedures for severe penalties for those found guilty of bad tings
Asia’s tax bid
Pompey’s
senators
Pompey marries _______
Julia (Caesar’s daughter)
Caesar given command in the ______ and ______ with three legions for ___ years (opposed to the 1 year usual)
Gaul and Illyricum, 5 years
now that caesar is govenor of the gaul he once again cannot be _____, but he must not cross the _______ _______ border
sued
rubicon river
While Caesar is in Gaul, Pompey and Crassus become alarmed y cear because of what
how much Caesar is conquering in gaul and adding it to the roman empire
The pact of Caesar, Pompey and Crassus was _______ by fellow senators, and many citizens
Doubts arise about their ________ to one another
resented
loyalties
_____ becomes popular because of 2 popular bills passed
what were the bills about?
cicero
The monthly ration available to citizens in rome for a fixed price would now become free - Paid for in full by treasury
Removal of the ban on collegia
Clodius removed _____ from being senator
clodius
clodius passes proposal reaffirming the ancient principle that no roman citizen should be _______ without trial
this was an indirect attack on _______ for his execution of catiline in the past, clodisu send him into _____
executed
cicero, exile
Clodius’ treatment of Cicero created ________ in the people, making him less ______
outrage
popular
clodius makes his popularity worse by provoking _____ and ______
________ had previously been the one to change clodisu from patrician to plebian
caesar and pompey
caesar
Pompey didnt didnt leave his _______ for a bit and gets two tribunes to _______ others to fight clodius
Supports the senate’s efforts to recall ______ from exile
was it successful?
house, recruit
cicero
yes
when cicero returns to rome, he says Pompey should be given control over the ______ supplies for __ years due the states inability to control it
grain
5
Pompey couldn’t do anything immediately about the grain cause it was the ______, so he was attacked in the senate by _____
winter
cato
Pompey suspected _______of supporting Cato and Clodius
crassus
Caesar holds a meeting where to make sure Pompey and Crassus would enter ______ the next year, and that he would have his term in the Gaul ________
consul
gaul
Pompey and Crassus do enter the consul and got provinces
crassus got _____
pompey got _____
syria
spain
Crassus still wants his military victory (which pompey had stolen) wants to fight parthians, he is ______
leaving only ______ and _______
killed
pompey and caesar
pomey is ______ by caesar
Caesar’s opps play upon Pompey’s worries and try to convince him to _______ _______
intimidated
switch sides
Pompey was married to Caesars ______
she dies - what domes pompey do
Refuses to marry his other offered relative
Married an opp’s relative instead
In the gaul, Caesar was faced with the issue of the _______ trying to migrate _______
helvetii, west
caesar stops the helvitii fighting the _________ _____ along the way
he ______ both
ggave him control of today’s ______ and ______
Germanic Suebi
dominated
france and belgum
Trying to further advance his glory, Caesar drove more ________ ppl out of Northern Gaul across the ______ river
Germanic
Rhine
Ebornes in the north of gaul began to _____ _____
rise up
_______ _____ begins a widespread revolt against roman rule, in central gaul
the timing was meant to postpone caesar’s _______ into _______
caesar makes him _____
Prince Arverni
re-entry into office
surrender
what happened before caesar first went to conquor the germans when his soldiers refused out of fear
He fires all of them,
he says he knows the 10th legion wouldn’t leave because they went through this and that together, they roar in approval
The rest decide to join too
back in rome, _______ captures and kills clodius
milo
Senate passes ________ to make ______ the sole consul
SCU (ultimate decree)
pompey
pompey brings ____ to trial, who is then sent to ____
milo, exile
Pompey makes law that ____ years must pass before a consul or praetor becomes _______ after their term is over
meant to allow time for ______
5, governor
prosecution
Ceasar wants to run for _______ in the year 49 to not get sued
His opponents say he has to come to Rome in _______ to enter his name in the election
as soon as he leaves the province he would be _____
consul
person
sued
caesar sends ________ to give a speech to try to convince officials in rome to let him enter from his province
they _____
Mark antony
deny
Caesar says ________ had ended, they aren’t even allowing him to speak - depriving him of his position - so he thinks its okay for him to cross the _____ with his army (civil war)
democracy
rubicon
why did the poor side with caesar
The poor sided with caesar because they knew how the Optimates had never cared for their plight, and didnt wanna support Pompey either
What led to the outbreak of the civil war?
The breakup of the Triumvirate, particularly caesar’s defiance to Pompey
there were fears that caesar may become a second ______
sulla
As Caesar moved down the east coast towards italy, what happened when he reached his home territory of Picenum?
Was met with force by Lucus Domitius Ahenobarbus
Caesar won and forced him to surrender
Released all the captives there without executing anyone + didnt take any of the funds
caesar enters _________ with his army, his opponenents flee to ______ before he gets there
Pompey starts building an ______ in greece
rome
greece
army
Who constantly refrained “what sulla could do, I can do”
pompey
Caesar spent about 2 weeks in rome before going west to tackle one of Pompey
was then able to ________ Pompey’s camp, but Pompey’s forces fought back vigorously forcing ceasar to ______
blockade
flee
_______ followed _______ as he fled east
pompey follwoed caesar as he fled east
Pompey and Caesar finally fight in battle at Pharsalus in Thessaly - who won?
Despite having a larger force, Pompey loses
Caesar offers to what to any of the enemies who asked for mercy when he gains control
Forgiveness
Pompey seeks refuge in _____
Egypt
Caesar goes to alexandria (egypt) to follow Pompey but ends up getting caught up in drama with their royal family, and comes back with _______ as his mistress
Cleopatra
By the time Caesar leaves Alexandria (egypt), he establishes _______ as the ______ of the kingdom
Cleopatra
Ruler
Caesar now tackles the threat caused by _______ as roman revenge for his father _______’s victory over rome twenty years earlier
Pharnaces
Mithridates
Who won in the battle between Caesar and Pharnaces
Caesar
After caesar was done in egypt, what opponents did he conquer next? What province was yielded
Those in north africa, which yielded the province of africa for rome
After caesar’s wins, what did his opponents do - other than those in ______
Committed suicide, other than those in spain which we would conquer next
Caesar’s fight with spain his most ______ fight but he prevailed
Difficult
Prevailed
After his fight in spain, Caesar campaigns against the ________ because they continued to harass Syria
Pathians
Caesar comes back to rome and has himself declared as _______
Dictator
How many times was caesar consul in total
5
What did caesar do to help the debt problem for citizens of rome
Orders that property had to be accepted for repayment at its pre-war value
Prohibited anyone from holding more than 60,000 sesterces in cash
Cancelled interest payments due since early 49
Permitted tenants to pay no rent for a year
How did caesar help the Roman calendar issues (their calendar was behind)?
Adapted the egyptian solar calendar, adding days to the year 46
What has caesar’s calendar called
The julian calendar
Most the caesar’s veterans were dispersed ________
Overseas
caesar sets up the new ____ rule where ____ say how much you owe, and then you are ________
Better system because no longer ________
tax
you
audited
abusive
Many of the poor in rome were offered a fresh start by going to _______ ______
Overseas colonies
What did caesar do to fight unemployment in rome
Built many public buildings such as the Forum Romanum
Caesar is offered __________
He was watching the reaction of the public, they didn’t seem to like it, so he _______
kingship/the crown
refused
________ are built worshipping caesar
temples
Caesars work in rome was cut short by ______
Senators
Under caesar the number of senators, quators, and predators _____
Grew
Caesar’s dictatorship freed him from the need to listen to _____, other than as a formality, so_______ lost importance
Magistrates
elections
______ was chosen as a preist to worship caesar as a god
antony
Caesar called himself _______ dictator
Perpetual
Who assassinated julius caesar
Longinus and brutus (two pompeians) in front of pompei’s statue
Who did brutus also kills in the past
Tarquinius superbus
who was brutus to caesar?
why did they need brutus on their side to kill caesar and how did they get him to agree?
bffs
Needed Brutus cause he was known as noble and he has a super high valued family name
Agreed on the condition that Caesar would be the ONLY one killed
what was the public reaction to caesar’s death?
Offered the people freedom after, and the roman people didn’t know what to do - were silent
His conspirators then realised Caesar was actually popular
