The Ear, Hearing + Balance - Chapter 7 Flashcards
3 bones in the ear (ossicles) split as:
Malers, Incus and Stapes
Inner ear is known as:
Choclea
Outer and Middle ear filled with:
Air
Inner ear filled with:
Liquid
Eustachian tube’s main purpose:
To create an equal pressure on both sides of the ear drum
The inner ear can receive sound via:
Inner & Middle ear
Bone conduction (this by-passes the outer and middle ear)
Info from choclea is received by the auditory nerve leading to the cortex of the brain
Audible range is in between:
20 - 20,000 Hz
Conductive deafness
Caused by damage to the conductive system or excessive ear wax
Noise Induced Hearing Loss (NIHL)
This is caused by a continued exposure to noise over 90 dB
This is classed as incurable
Presbcusis
Loss of hearing due to age
Normally involves high-tone deafness
An intermittent or sudden noise is __________ of a disruption than a continuous noise
More
___________ frequency has a higher adverse effect on performance than __________ frequency
High………Low
Semi-circular canals
Analyse angular acceleration and this is then passed to the cerebellum in the brain
Otoliths detect?
Linear acceleration
Otoliths is also known as:
Somitogravic effect/illusion
Somoitogravic effects/illusions are:
Acceleration = illusion of climbing
Deceleration = illusion of pitching down
Vestibular apparatus:
Semi-circular canals & the otoliths combined
Semi-circular canals are also known as:
Somatogyral effect/illusion
This is also known as “The Leans”
How is the somatogyral effect/illusion created?
- The turn is so gentle that it doesn’t affect the canals and so when recovering from the turn, the pilot has the sensation of turning in the opposite direction
- If the turn is prolonged, to allow the liquid to stabilise on recovery, the pilot has the sensation of turning in the opposite direction
In IMC conditions, you should:
Look at your (and believe) your instruments
In VMC conditions, you should:
Look at the horizon
Graveyard Spin
This is when a pilot is in a prolonged spin and so the semi-circular canals settle so when recovering, the pilot over-compensates and re-enters the spin
Vertigo
Sensation of Rotation, tumbling or turning
Carillons Effect
Turning your head whilst already in a turn, can increase your disorientation
Where there is a conflict between two senses, the visual information will provide the most accurate representation of the real world
Alcohol and disorientation:
Alcohol is not digested and so goes straight into the blood flow.
Alcohol lowers the specific gravity of the liquid within the inner ear, leading to increased signals from the otoliths and semi-circular canals
Motion sickness symptoms:
Nausea
hyperventilation
Vomiting
Pallor (Go pale)
How to cope with motion sickness
Keep head still
Steady A/C manoeuvres
Open the air vents
Consult an aviation doctor before taking medication
