Circulation System - Chapter 5 Flashcards
Pulmonary System
Blood transport between the heart and the lungs
Systemic System
Delivers oxygenated blood to the body
Vasoconstriction
Blood vessels reaction to being cold
Vasodilation
Blood vessels reaction to being warm
Red blood cells
Contain haemoglobin and carry oxygen to the body and tissues
White blood cells
Contain anti-bodies and fight against bacteria
Platelets (blood)
Used to stop bleeding
Canary artery/vein
Blood supply to the heart as the heart itself is a muscle so requires a blood supply
Ventricles
Areas of the heart which pump the blood around the body and exert a force on the blood
Atria’s
Entryway to the ventricles
Arteries
Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart
Veins
Blood vessels carrying blood to the heart
Pulmonary vein/artery
Only vein/artery which carries oxygenated/deoxygenated blood to the heart/lungs
What carries Oxygen?
Haemoglobin
Waste product of respiration
CO2 + H2O = Carbonic Acid
This is in turn used to measure CO2 levels and control breathing
Main energy sources are:
Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats
Internal Respioration
Is the respiration between cells
External respiration
Normal respiration (breathing)
Transfer of gases
Takes place in between the capillaries and blood cells
Via a process called Diffusion
Fick’s law is associated with diffusion
Low saturated blood can be found….
In the pulmonary artery
Cardiac Output (equation and definition)
Stroke volume x heart rate
Amount of blood output per minute
Average human shall output between 5 and 5.5 litres per minute
Angina is a pain associated with the….
Heart, usually found in the chest
Heart attack also known as:
Myocardial infarction
Top 3 causes for myocardial infarction
Family history (hereditary)
Age
Previous history of cardio-vascular problems
Why is there sometimes a deprivation of oxygen in the body?
Lack of haemoglobin or red blood cells (anaemia)
This can be caused by:
Lack of production within the bone marrow
Lack of iron
Excessive bleeding
Carbon Monoxide is due to:
Incomplete carbon combustion
Which will haemoglobin stick to, carbon monoxide or oxygen?
Carbon Monoxide
Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning…
Headaches, Lethargy, Weakness, Dizziness, Impaired Vision
Treatment(s) for carbon Monoxide poisoning
If airborne, land ASAP and use fresh air rather than heated cabin air.
Get fresh air ASAP
What can worsen carbon Monoxide poisoning?
Altitude
What is the worst outcome of carbon Monoxide poisoning?
Fatality
What 3 factors make an individual more susceptible to carbon Monoxide poisoning?
Altitude
Smoking
Age
Addictive substance of smoking:
Nicotine
Substance which causes cancer from smoking:
Tar
Smoking 20 cigarettes a day causes an increase of ________% of haemoglobin
7%
What does a smokers body equate to as an altitude?
4,000 - 5,000ft
This can increase their risk of hypoxia
What issues can smoking lead to?
Breathing problems, lung cancer and can increase risk of heart attacks
Systolic is a __________ pressure than diastolic
Higher
The average blood pressure for a human is
120/80
High blood pressure is also known as:
Hypertension
Main cause of a stroke is:
Hypertension (High blood pressure)
Main symptoms of hypertension (high blood pressure)
Palpitations
Shortness of breathe
Angina
Main causes of hypertension (High blood pressure)
Stress
Smoking
Diet
Symptoms for hypotension (low blood pressure)
Lethargy/tiredness
Your medical can be suspended if you have hypotension
Pressoreceptors are…
Located in the Cartoid Sinus and control homeostasis
How long do you have to wait before you can fly again after donating blood?
24 hours
