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Human Performance + Limitations > Circulation System - Chapter 5 > Flashcards

Circulation System - Chapter 5 Flashcards

1
Q

Pulmonary System

A

Blood transport between the heart and the lungs

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2
Q

Systemic System

A

Delivers oxygenated blood to the body

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3
Q

Vasoconstriction

A

Blood vessels reaction to being cold

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4
Q

Vasodilation

A

Blood vessels reaction to being warm

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5
Q

Red blood cells

A

Contain haemoglobin and carry oxygen to the body and tissues

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6
Q

White blood cells

A

Contain anti-bodies and fight against bacteria

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7
Q

Platelets (blood)

A

Used to stop bleeding

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8
Q

Canary artery/vein

A

Blood supply to the heart as the heart itself is a muscle so requires a blood supply

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9
Q

Ventricles

A

Areas of the heart which pump the blood around the body and exert a force on the blood

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10
Q

Atria’s

A

Entryway to the ventricles

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11
Q

Arteries

A

Blood vessel carrying blood away from the heart

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12
Q

Veins

A

Blood vessels carrying blood to the heart

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13
Q

Pulmonary vein/artery

A

Only vein/artery which carries oxygenated/deoxygenated blood to the heart/lungs

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14
Q

What carries Oxygen?

A

Haemoglobin

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15
Q

Waste product of respiration

A

CO2 + H2O = Carbonic Acid

This is in turn used to measure CO2 levels and control breathing

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16
Q

Main energy sources are:

A

Carbohydrates
Proteins
Fats

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17
Q

Internal Respioration

A

Is the respiration between cells

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18
Q

External respiration

A

Normal respiration (breathing)

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19
Q

Transfer of gases

A

Takes place in between the capillaries and blood cells

Via a process called Diffusion

Fick’s law is associated with diffusion

20
Q

Low saturated blood can be found….

A

In the pulmonary artery

21
Q

Cardiac Output (equation and definition)

A

Stroke volume x heart rate

Amount of blood output per minute

Average human shall output between 5 and 5.5 litres per minute

22
Q

Angina is a pain associated with the….

A

Heart, usually found in the chest

23
Q

Heart attack also known as:

A

Myocardial infarction

24
Q

Top 3 causes for myocardial infarction

A

Family history (hereditary)
Age
Previous history of cardio-vascular problems

25
Q

Why is there sometimes a deprivation of oxygen in the body?

A

Lack of haemoglobin or red blood cells (anaemia)

This can be caused by:

Lack of production within the bone marrow
Lack of iron
Excessive bleeding

26
Q

Carbon Monoxide is due to:

A

Incomplete carbon combustion

27
Q

Which will haemoglobin stick to, carbon monoxide or oxygen?

A

Carbon Monoxide

28
Q

Symptoms of carbon monoxide poisoning…

A 
Headaches,
Lethargy,
Weakness,
Dizziness,
Impaired Vision
29
Q

Treatment(s) for carbon Monoxide poisoning

A

If airborne, land ASAP and use fresh air rather than heated cabin air.

Get fresh air ASAP

30
Q

What can worsen carbon Monoxide poisoning?

A

Altitude

31
Q

What is the worst outcome of carbon Monoxide poisoning?

A

Fatality

32
Q

What 3 factors make an individual more susceptible to carbon Monoxide poisoning?

A

Altitude
Smoking
Age

33
Q

Addictive substance of smoking:

A

Nicotine

34
Q

Substance which causes cancer from smoking:

A

Tar

35
Q

Smoking 20 cigarettes a day causes an increase of ________% of haemoglobin

A

7%

36
Q

What does a smokers body equate to as an altitude?

A

4,000 - 5,000ft

This can increase their risk of hypoxia

37
Q

What issues can smoking lead to?

A

Breathing problems, lung cancer and can increase risk of heart attacks

38
Q

Systolic is a __________ pressure than diastolic

A

Higher

39
Q

The average blood pressure for a human is

A

120/80

40
Q

High blood pressure is also known as:

A

Hypertension

41
Q

Main cause of a stroke is:

A

Hypertension (High blood pressure)

42
Q

Main symptoms of hypertension (high blood pressure)

A

Palpitations
Shortness of breathe
Angina

43
Q

Main causes of hypertension (High blood pressure)

A

Stress
Smoking
Diet

44
Q

Symptoms for hypotension (low blood pressure)

A

Lethargy/tiredness

Your medical can be suspended if you have hypotension

45
Q

Pressoreceptors are…

A

Located in the Cartoid Sinus and control homeostasis

46
Q

How long do you have to wait before you can fly again after donating blood?

A

24 hours

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