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SWS > The Duero River Valley > Flashcards

The Duero River Valley Flashcards

1
Q

The Duero River Valley lies within which autonomous community?

A

Castilla y León

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2
Q

Where does the Duero begin?

A

It begins amongst the peaks of the Sierra de Urbión within the Sistema Ibérico in Castilla y León near the border of La Rioja.

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3
Q

How many UNESCO world heritage sites are in Castilla y Leon?

A

8, more than any autonomous region in the world [Tuscany and Lombardy have 6 each]

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4
Q

What are the need to know appellations in Castilla y Leon?

A

5, from west to east: DO Bierzo, DO Toro, DO Rueda, DO Cigales, DO Ribera del Duero [BTRCR]

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5
Q

Where does evidence point to the oldest vineyards in Castilla y Leon?

A

The Greeks wrote about the cultivated vines of the Vacceo tribe in the Duero basin in the pre-Roman city of Bergidum. Bergidum would later lend its name to the region of Bierzo.

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6
Q

What is the significance of Numancia (or Numantia)?

A

In 134 BC the Romans laid siege to the Celtiberian settlement of Numantia near Soria in Castilla y Leon. After 13 months of siege, the Numantians decided to burn the city and many committed suicide before the rest surrendered. It is also the inspiration for the winery Numanthia, a high quality Toro producer. [This war story is essentially a Spanish version of the Jewish Masada, but 200! years earlier, but also involving the Romans.]

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7
Q

The best preserved Roman aqueduct of Castilla y Leon is located where?

A

The Aqueduct of Segovia, the city’s most visible and significant landmark, provided water to the area until the middle of the 19th century.

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8
Q

What was the role of the Moors in Castilla y Leon?

A

After the collapse of the Roman Empire, the Visigoths ruled the area until their conquest by the Moors. This was the northwestern limit of the Moorish expansion.

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9
Q

What is the most common (and traditional) route of the Camino de Santiago?

A

the Camino Francés (“French Way”), the majority of which passes through present-day Castilla y León.

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10
Q

What is the largest autonomous region in Spain?

A

Castilla y Leon, 1/5 of the Spanish peninsula [not the largest wine appellation]

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11
Q

What are the borders of Castilla y Leon?

A

N: Asturias, Cantabria, Pais Vasco; S: Extremadura, Castilla La-Mancha, Madrid; E La Rioja, Aragon; W: Galicia, Portugal

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12
Q

What is sequence of civilizations in Castilla y Leon?

A

Greeks, Celts, Romans, Visigoths, Moors, Christians

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13
Q

What wine was listed on Christopher Columbus’s manifest on journey to the New World?

A

Toro wine on the Pinta (wine was certainly also on the Niña and Santa Maria)

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14
Q

What are wines from Tierra de Medina?

A

historic high quality fortified wine from Rueda protected by Queen Isabella

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15
Q

What is the the only Spanish province surrounded only - and entirely - by other provinces of the same autonomous community?

A

Valladolid. It is bordered by the provinces of Zamora, León, Palencia, Burgos, Segovia, Ávila, and Salamanca.

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16
Q

What was impact of phylloxera in Castilla y Leon?

A

Initially when phylloxera decimated France (also in Rioja and Navarra,) it resulted in a massive input of capital to wine regions of Castilla y Leon

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17
Q

What is the climate in Castilla y Leon?

A

prototypic continental climate with extremes in temperature and varied rainfall**

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18
Q

What is the main river in Castilla y Leon?

A

Duero**

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19
Q

What are the two main topographic features in Castilla y Leon?

A

the Duero River Basin and the mountains bordering the region.

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20
Q

What region is defined by the saying: “Neuve meses de invierno, y tres meses de inferno.”

A

Castilla y Leon, continental climate with extreme temperatures

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21
Q

What are the mountain ranges in Castilla y Leon and what natural borders do they create?

A

Montes de Leon (NW), Cordillera Cantabrica (N), Sistemica Iberico (E), Sistema Central (S)

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22
Q

What is the largest river basin on the Iberian Peninsula?

A

the Duero River Basin** (19% in Portugal)

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23
Q

In which DO of Castilla y Leon is Tempranillo not authorized?

A

Bierzo**

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24
Q

What red grapes are used in DO’s of Castilla y Leon where Tempranillo is not dominant?

A

Mencia, Prieto Picudo**

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25
Q

What is the conversion equation for vineyard yields from kg/ha to t/a?

A

2400 kg/ha = 1 t/a
rough avg: 1 ton per acre = 2470 kg/ha ≈ 17.5 hl/ha

[for white wine, 100 hl/ha ≈ 16,000 kg/ha (16 t/ha) = 6.5 tons per acre.
1 ton per acre = 2470 kg/ha ≈ 15 hl/ha
for red wine, 100 hl/ha ≈ 13,000 kg/ha (13 t/ha) = 5.3 tons per acre.
1 ton per acre = 2470 kg/ha ≈ 19 hl/ha
for mixed wine, 100 hl/ha ≈ 14,000 kg/ha (14 t/ha) = 5.7 tons per acre.]

26
Q

Compare the favored vineyard aspect for Galicia and Ribera del Duero.

A

In Galicia, the south exposures along the rivers and in the hills are always preferred. In Ribera del Duero, Vega-Sicilia, winemaker Xavier Ausás says a north slope can help to protect the acid and pH levels in the wines.

27
Q

Where is “en vaso” viticulture training tradition most entrenched? What is it?

A

used in Toro and Ribera del Duero; head trained-spur pruned or the French gobelet. It is the traditional system where Tempranillo is grown.

28
Q

Which of Spain’s signature grapes grows best in Castilla y Leon?

A

Tempranillo**

29
Q

Mencia is most prevalent in which DO of Castilla y Leon?

A

Bierzo**

30
Q

What is the climate of Bierzo DO?

A

continental with maritime influences

31
Q

Which DO of Castilla y Leon is not located on the meseta?

A

Bierzo, lower altitude than other DO’s

32
Q

What are the typical levels of aromatics and alcohol for wine made from Mencia?

A

intense aromatics and high alcohol

33
Q

What is breakdown of red/white/rose wine production in DO Bierzo?

A

predominantly red,** 83/12/5

34
Q

What is breakdown of red/white/rose wine production in DO Cigales?

A

predominantly rosado,** 33/1/66 (t/b/r), largest proportion of rosado production for any DO in Spain

35
Q

What river is associated with DO Cigales?

A

Pisuerga River [tributary of Duero, not to be confused with the famous wine village in CyL, Pasquera]

36
Q

What is most commonly used grape in DO Cigales?

A

Tempranillo (Tinta del Pais)

37
Q

What vinicultural aspect in Castilla y Leon promotes preservation of wine in the face of high daytime temperatures?

A

wine storage in underground caves (especially DO Cigales and DO Ribera del Duero)

38
Q

The rosado’s of DO Cigales are produced using what method?

A

Clarete**

39
Q

What are synonyms used for Tempranillo in Castilla y Leon?

A

Tinta del Pais, Tinto Fino, Tinta de Toro** [PFT]

40
Q

Which DO’s lead Spain in terms of production quantity?

A

DOCa Rioja, DO Ribera del Duero, DO Rueda** [not NE Spain!]

41
Q

In Ribera del Duero, what percent of grapes grown are Tempranillo?

A

98%

42
Q

In DO Ribera del Duero, what is the most significant white grape?

A

Albillo Mayor (albeit very small percentage)

43
Q

What is the etymology of Tempranillo?

A

temprano meaning early in Spanish, early budding and early ripening**

44
Q

What are the structural characteristics of Tempranillo in terms of acid, alcohol and tannin?

A

low to medium acid, medium alcohol, medium to high tannin

45
Q

What percent of all Spanish still white wine of DO quality is made in Rueda?

A

40%**

46
Q

What is length and width of Ribera del Duero?

A

71 miles from east to west, 22 miles from north to south [contrast with Napa - 30 x 5 and Rioja - 60 x 25]

47
Q

What is the oldest demarcated wine region in Castilla y Leon?

A

DO Rueda

48
Q

What white grape is authorized in DO Rueda, but no new plantings are allowed?

A

Palomino Fino

49
Q

What is a sibling of Verdejo?

A

Godello (possibly explaining why Godello is confusingly called Verdelho in Portugal)

50
Q

Who is responsible for the increased plantings of Verdejo in Rueda?

A

In the 1970s, Francisco Hurtado de Amézaga y Dolagaray, director of the Rioja-based winery Marqués de Riscal, chose Rueda as an area in which to grow grapes for white wine production.

51
Q

What are the main contrasts between the taste profiles of Verdejo and Sauvignon Blanc?

A

Verdejo has less pyrazines and a characteristic balancing bitterness in the finish.

52
Q

What is VT Castilla y Leon?

A

Vino de Tierra that covers the entire autonomous community of Castilla y Leon.

53
Q

What is Sardón de Duero?

A

A town not currently within any DO limits, located just to the west of Ribera del Duero, close to Vega Sicilia. The area’s most highly regarded winery, Abadía Retuerta, is labeled VT Castilla y León–Sardón . [Some of this winery’s labels use ‘Pago,’ but not yet approved for Vino de Pago designation.]

54
Q

What is the figurative meaning of the name Castilla y Leon?

A

Castilla represents the old crown at Valladolid and the Leon represents the Kingdom of Aragon, the symbolic marriage is Castilla y Leon. [Castillo is castle.]

55
Q

What is the length of the route of the Camino de Santiago?

A

No clear answer as there are many different paths, the most popular French Way is about 500 miles with the longest segment through Castilla y Leon.

56
Q

What is the signature grape of DO Tierra de Leon?

A

Prieto Picudo, especially rosados made by madreo [grape and method are important, but not a NTK DO]

57
Q

In DO Toro what is the most significant white grape?

A

Verdejo and Malvasia, but very small production [compare with RdD with Albillo Mayor]

58
Q

What is Las Médulas?

A

a historic gold-mining site in El Bierzo. It was the most important gold mine in the entire Roman Empire. Las Médulas Cultural Landscape is listed by UNESCO as a World Heritage Site. **

59
Q

What is the nearest Spanish region to Castilla y Leon that does NOT touch its border?

A

Navarra**

60
Q

What is the capital of Castilla y Leon?

A

none; Valladolid is the unofficial capital [compare to Pais Vasco]

61
Q

In DO Rueda, what is the most significant white grape?

A

Verdejo**

62
Q

How are rosados made in Castilla y Leon?

A

direct press (mostly), saignee or in Cigales by clarete method

SWS (13 decks)

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