the DSM and ICD

Question 1

what is the ICD? (internation classification of diseases)

Answer 1

• a classification tool used to make clinical diagnoses
• examines the general health of populations
• momiters the international revalance of diseases and other health problems
• released in 1992 by the World Health Organisation (WHO)
• contains 11 majour diagnostic categories

Question 2

what is the DSM? (Diagnosticand Statistical Manual of Mental Disorders)

Answer 2

• the handbook used by health care professionals in the US and much of the world as the authoritative guide to the diagnosis of mental disorders
• contains 22 majordiagnostic categories, grouping over 200 psychological disorders
• invented in 1952

Question 3

what is the purpose of diagnosis?

Answer 3

to determine the nature of a disease or disorder and distinguish it from other possible conditions

Question 4

abnormal behaviour

Answer 4

• behaviour that is statistically less likely to occur in society
• behvaiour that goes against sociocultural norms
• behaviou that causes the subject distress for themself and others

Question 5

normal behaviour

Answer 5

behaviour that follows the sociocultural norms of society

Question 6

what are the similarities of the DSM and ICD?

Answer 6

• both are diagnosing and categorising manuals, which require two or more symptoms to be present in order for the diagnosis to be made
• both are used by qualified health proffesonals and are used worldwide as reliable and valid tools
• DSM-5 is now designed to mirror the ICD-10 anf follow symptoms and the GAF was removed to become more objective (like the ICD-10) using a symptom-based approach
  [Jackobsen et al] found there was a good agreement in the diagnosis of schizophrenia between the ICD-10 and other classification systems, showing that the ICD-10 is reliable due to its consistent diagnosis with other classification systems

Question 7

what are the differences between the DSM and ICD?

Answer 7

• the ICD-10 can be viewed online and is distributed freely by the WHO, where the DSM must be paid for and generates a huge income from the APA (American Psychological Association)
• The ICD is used more compared the the DSM
• most disorders in medicine are classified using the ICD
  [Andrews et al] found only a 68% agreement between the ICD and DSM on an assesment of 1,500 patients