The Downfall of The League 1930s Flashcards
In the Manchuria crisis which two nations were involved?
China
Japan
Why did Japan want Manchuria?
Because Manchuria was rich in raw material and they were suffering from the Great Depression
When was the Mukden Incident?
18th September 1931
What happened at Mukden?
An explosion on the South Manchurian Railway owned by Japan. Japan claimed it was a Chinese attack.
How did the Japanese react to Mukden?
They took over Manchuria through the Kwantung army
What did Japan do after taking over Manchuria?
Changed the name to Manchukuo and put a ‘puppet’ emperor in charge (Pu Yi)
How China respond to Japan?
Appealed to the League
How did the League respond to the Manchuria Crisis?
The League were extremely reluctant to deal with the Manchurian crisis.
Firstly, they saw Japan had rights as China had stated they had economic right in the region.
Secondly, Manchuria was very far from Geneva, they saw it as too far.
How did the League deal with the Manchuria Crisis?
The sent Lord Lytton for Britain to do an enquiry of the conflicts.
What was the problem with sending Lord Lytton?
It’d take 1 year for him to reach Manchuria, by then the conflict was over.
When did Lord Lytton publish his report on Manchuria?
October 1932
Who did Lord Lytton say was to blame?
Japan
What did the League not use against Japan?
Economic and Military sanctions
Why were economic sanctions not used?
Because Japan’s main source of trade was the US which were suffering from the depression
How did Japan respond to being blamed by Lytton?
Left the League then proceeded to take over Jehol another Chinese region
How had the League performed in Manchuria?
The League had failed, one of its own members had been able to ignore them. The league reacted too slow and didn’t impose enough threats.
Which countries were involved in Abyssinia crisis?
Abyssinia and Italy
Why did Italy want Abyssinia?
Mussolini wanted to expand his empire, rich in natural minerals; revenge for defeat in 1896
When was Abyssinia invaded?
3rd October 1935
What happened in 1934 giving Mussolini an excuse to invade?
Clash between Italian and Abyssinian troops at Wal Wal Oasis (150 Abyssinians and 2 Italians died)
What had Mussolini had before his invasion in 1935?
He’d had talks with French foreign minister Laval
What did Samuel Hoare do in 1935?
Gave a speech to the League asking for collective resistence to Mussolini
How did the League react to Mussolini’s invasion in 1935?
League Condemned Italy
Imposed economic restrictions
What did the economic restrictions not restrict on Italy?
Coal, Oil and Iron.
What mistake did Britain and France make?
Kept Suez Canal open giving Mussolini easy access to Abyssinia
What happened in December 1935?
The Hoare-Laval Pact
Who was the Hoare-Laval Pact between?
Britain, France, Italy
What did the Hoare-Laval Pact state?
Abyssinia would be split in 2
Italy would gain fertile lands in the North and South
Abyssinia would be reduced to barren mountains - public outcry
How did Italy react to the terms?
Continued to take over Abyssinina
When did Italy take over the capital of Abyssinia?
Addis Ababa 5th May 1935
What happened after Abyssinia was taken over?
Haile Selassie addressed the League on the conflict
How had the League reacted to the Abyssinia conflict?
Poorly, they’d allowed a major power in Europe to take over an African colony, the two main powers had gone behind the League’s back.
