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Biology Genetics > The DNA > Flashcards

The DNA Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the nickname of DNA?

A

molecule of life

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2
Q

What is genetics?

A

The study of heredity. Heredity is the process of a parent passing on certain genes to their offspring.

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3
Q

What are the compounds of DNA?

A

Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine

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4
Q

Which two scientists discovered the structure of DNA?

A

Watson and Crick

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5
Q

Which scientists paved the way for Watson and Crick’s discovery?

A

Rosalind Franklin, Erwin Chargaff

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6
Q

How many bonds are between the different compounds?

A

A&T: 2
C&G: 3

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7
Q

What is the scientific name for the shape of DNA?

A

double helix

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8
Q

What does DNA stand for?

A

Deoxyribonucleic acid

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9
Q

What does a nucleotide consist of?

A

Nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group

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10
Q

What does a nucleoside consist of?

A

Nitrogen base + deoxyribose sugar

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11
Q

What is Photo 51?

A

An image of DNA made using x-ray technology –> significant for Watson and Crick, made by Franklin

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12
Q

How do you call the pictures of chromosomes in a cell?

A

Karyogramm

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13
Q

How many chromosomes are there

A

23 Chromosome paires

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14
Q

What does the term homologous pair mean?

A

similar in shape, size, information carried

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15
Q

What deseases regarding Chromosomes are there?

A

Trisomie 21 (3x chromosome 21)
Edward syndrom (regarding chromsome 18)

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16
Q

What are Alleles?

A

different versions of genes

17
Q

When does DNA replication happen?

A

before cell division, occuring during interphase of Mitosis and Meiosis

18
Q

Which sub groups of chromosomes are there?

A

Autosomes (22): not a sex chromosome
Allosome (1): sex chromosome

19
Q

Whats histone?

A

protein, DNA wraps around it, part of the structure of a chromosome

20
Q

What’s chromatin?

A

DNA+ histone
–>when it coils up even more it a chromosome

21
Q

how can you define genes?

A

units making up chromosomes, inheritance of specific characteristics

22
Q

What is DNA Fingerprinting used for?

A

evidence in crime scenes, paternity & maternity tests, to study relationships between evolutionary species

23
Q

Describe the Process of DNA-Fingerprinting

A
  1. extracting the DNA from cells (e.g. blood, saliva)
  2. cutting up DNA using an enzyme
  3. PCR (polymerase-chain-reaction)
  4. seperating heavy from light segments
  5. adding radioactive probe to make the fragments better visible

Biology Genetics (5 decks)

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