The DNA Flashcards
What is the nickname of DNA?
molecule of life
What is genetics?
The study of heredity. Heredity is the process of a parent passing on certain genes to their offspring.
What are the compounds of DNA?
Adenine, Thymine, Cytosine, Guanine
Which two scientists discovered the structure of DNA?
Watson and Crick
Which scientists paved the way for Watson and Crick’s discovery?
Rosalind Franklin, Erwin Chargaff
How many bonds are between the different compounds?
A&T: 2
C&G: 3
What is the scientific name for the shape of DNA?
double helix
What does DNA stand for?
Deoxyribonucleic acid
What does a nucleotide consist of?
Nitrogen base, deoxyribose sugar, phosphate group
What does a nucleoside consist of?
Nitrogen base + deoxyribose sugar
What is Photo 51?
An image of DNA made using x-ray technology –> significant for Watson and Crick, made by Franklin
How do you call the pictures of chromosomes in a cell?
Karyogramm
How many chromosomes are there
23 Chromosome paires
What does the term homologous pair mean?
similar in shape, size, information carried
What deseases regarding Chromosomes are there?
Trisomie 21 (3x chromosome 21)
Edward syndrom (regarding chromsome 18)
What are Alleles?
different versions of genes
When does DNA replication happen?
before cell division, occuring during interphase of Mitosis and Meiosis
Which sub groups of chromosomes are there?
Autosomes (22): not a sex chromosome
Allosome (1): sex chromosome
Whats histone?
protein, DNA wraps around it, part of the structure of a chromosome
What’s chromatin?
DNA+ histone
–>when it coils up even more it a chromosome
how can you define genes?
units making up chromosomes, inheritance of specific characteristics
What is DNA Fingerprinting used for?
evidence in crime scenes, paternity & maternity tests, to study relationships between evolutionary species
Describe the Process of DNA-Fingerprinting
- extracting the DNA from cells (e.g. blood, saliva)
- cutting up DNA using an enzyme
- PCR (polymerase-chain-reaction)
- seperating heavy from light segments
- adding radioactive probe to make the fragments better visible