The distribution of income and wealth Flashcards

1
Q

wealth d

A

a stock of valuable assets

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
2
Q

marketable wealth d

A

wealth that can be transferred to others

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
3
Q

non-marketable wealth d

A

wealth specific to a person, which cannot be transferred

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
4
Q

distribution of wealth d

A

how wealth is shared out between the population

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
5
Q

income d

A

a flow of money to a factor of production. An individual’s income may include wages and state benefits

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
6
Q

distribution of income d

A

how income is shared out between the factors of production

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
7
Q

examples of marketable wealth

A

property, cash, shares, art

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
8
Q

examples of non-marketable wealth

A

life assurance and pension fund holdings

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
9
Q

who does wealth tend to be skewed towards

A

older age groups

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
10
Q

what are the four main sources of wealth

A

inheritance
saving
entrepreneurship
chance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
11
Q

what are the causes of wealth inequality

A

inheritance
marriage
income inequality
chance

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
12
Q

what is more equally distributed, income or wealth

A

income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
13
Q

the greater the degree of inequality, the _____ the curve will be below the ____ ____ line

A

further

45 degree

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
14
Q

what are the axes on the Lorenz curve

A

x : % population

y : % of income

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
15
Q

Lorenz curve d

A

a diagrammatic representation of income and wealth

How well did you know this?
1
Not at all
2
3
4
5
Perfectly
16
Q

Gini coefficient d

A

a statistical measure of the degree of inequality of income or wealth

17
Q

what would the Gini coefficient be under perfect equality

A

0

18
Q

what would the Gini coefficient be under perfect inequality

A

1

19
Q

why has distribution of income become more unequal in recent decades

A

reduction in top-rate income tax
large-scale privatisation leads to rise in executive pay
real value of jobseeker’s allowance fell

20
Q

what are the causes of income inequality between households

A
impact of the state
wealth inequality
household composition
level of skills and qualification
differences in earnings
21
Q

absolute poverty d

A

when an individual or household’s income is insufficient for them to afford basic shelter, food and clothing

22
Q

relative poverty d

A

when people are poor in comparison to others

23
Q

what are the methods a government can use to influence income and wealth distribution

A

taxation
monetary benefits
direct provision of goods and services
legislation and labour market policy

24
Q

poverty audit d

A

assessment of the government’s performance in eradicating poverty

25
Q

what are the two types of monetary benefit (income and wealth)

A

means-tested (working families tax credit WFTC)

universal (child benefit)

26
Q

what is an example of legislation and labour market policy (income and wealth)

A

national minimum wage 1999

27
Q

in the last three decades, the number of households with incomes below ____ % of the average level has grown to almost _____ million

A

40 %

10

28
Q

what are some of the government’s targets when it comes to eradicating poverty

A

increase the proportion of working-age people with a qualification
improving literacy and numeracy at age 11
reducing homelessness

29
Q

what are the causes of poverty

A
unemployment
low wages
sickness and disability
old age
poverty trap
imperfect information
30
Q

poverty trap d

A

when individuals or households are no better off following a pay increase because tax paid increases and benefits are withdrawn

31
Q

what are some measures used by the government to reduce poverty

A
minimum wage
cutting bottom rates of income tax
tackling unemployment
training and education
increasing benefits
tax credits
32
Q

voluntary unemployment d

A

when a worker chooses not to accept a job at the going wage rate

33
Q

national minimum wage d

A

a statutory minimum wage introduced to boost the earning of the low paid

34
Q

what must the minimum wage be set above in order for it to have an impact

A

the market equilibrium wage rate

35
Q

what do free-market economists argue about national minimum wage

A

firm’s costs of production rise leading to higher unemployment

36
Q

how can you show national minimum wage on a graph

A

MRP (D) against S diagram, wage rate set above the equilibrium