The Digestive System Procedures Flashcards
Visual examination of the GI tract using a flexible fiberoptic instrument with a magnifying lens and a light source (endoscope) to identify abnormalities, including bleeding, ulcerations, and tumors.
Gastrointestinal endoscopy
Panel of blood tests that identifies the specific virus–hepatitis A, B, or C–that is causing hepatitis by testing serum using antibodies to each of these antigens
Hepatitis panel
Group of blood tests that evaluate liver injury, liver function, and conditions commonly associated with the biliary tract
Liver function tests (LFTs)
Measurement of the level of bilirubin in the blood
Serum bilirubin
Test to identify microorganisms or parasites present in feces that are causing a GI infection
Stool culture
Test that applies a substance called guaiac to a stool sample to detect the presence of occult blood in the feces
Stool guaiac
Imaging technique achieved by rotating an x-ray emitter around the area to be scanned and measuring the intensity of transmitted rays from different angles
Computed Tomography
Radiographic images of the rectum and colon following administration of barium into the rectum
Lower Gastrointestinal series
Radiographic images taken of the gallbladder after administration of a contrast material containing iodine, usually in the form of a tablet
Oral Cholecystography (OCG)
Technique that uses radio waves and a strong magnetic field to produce highly detailed, multiplanar, cross-sectional views of soft tissues
Magnetic Resonance Imaging (MRI)
Special MRI technique that produces detailed images of the hepatobiliary and pancreatic systems, including the liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, and pancreatic duct
Magnetic Resonance Cholangiopancreatography (MRCP)
Test in which high-frequency sound waves are directed at soft tissue and reflected as “echoes” to produce an image on a monitor of an internal body structure
Ultrasonography (US)
Ultrasound visualization of the abdominal aorta, liver, gallbladder, bile ducts, pancreas, kidneys, ureters, and bladder
Abdominal Ultrasonography
Combination of endoscopy and ultrasound that examines and obtains images of the digestive tract and the surrounding tissues and organs
Endoscopic Ultrasonography
Radiographic images of the esophagus, stomach, and small intestine following oral administration of barium
Upper gastrointestinal series (UGIS)
Surgical joining of two ducts, vessels, or bowel segments to allow flow from one to another
anastomosis
Surgical connection of the ileum and rectum after total colectomy, as is sometimes performed in the treatment of ulcerative colitis
Ileorectal anastomosis
Surgical connection of two portions of the intestines
Intestinal anastomosis
Excision of a diseased appendix using an open or laparoscopic procedure
Appendectomy
Excision of a diseased appendix through a 2” to 3” incision in the right lower quadrant of the abdomen
Open appendectomy
Minimally invasive appendectomy using three small abdominal incisions while monitoring an enlarged image of the surgical site projected on a monitor
Laparoscopic appendectomy
Group of procedures that treat morbid obesity
Bariatric surgery
Bariatric surgery that involves vertical stapling of the upper stomach near the esophagus to reduce it to a small pouch and insertion of a band that restricts food consumption and delays its passage from the pouch, causing a feeling of fullness
Vertical banded gastroplasty
Bariatric surgery that involves stapling the stomach to decrease its size and then shortening the jejunum and connecting it to the small stomach pouch, causing the base of the duodenum leading from the nonfunctioning portion of the stomach to form a Y configuration, which decreases the pathway of food through the intestine, thus reducing absorption of calories and fats.
Roux-en-Y gastric bypass (RGBO)
Surgical procedure in which a surgeon forms a stoma by drawing the healthy end of the colon through an incision in the anterior abdominal wall and suturing it into place
Colonstomy
Procedure for crushing a stone and eliminating its fragments surgically or using ultrasonic shock waves
Lithotripsy
Use of shock waves as a noninvasive method to break up stones in the gallbladder or biliary ducts
Extracorporeal shock-wave lithotripsy (ESWL)
Procedure to remove fluid from the abdomen using a long, thin needle inserted through the belly
Paracentesis
Excision of a polyp
Polypectomy
Insertion of a nasogastric tube through the nose into the stomach to relieve gastric distention by removing gas, food, or gastric secretions; instill medication, food, or fluids; or obtain a specimen for laboratory analysis
Nasogastric intubation
