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Biosciences Applied to Nursing 1 > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What is the first stage involved in the digestive system?

A

Preparatory stage

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2
Q

What is the alimentary canal

A

Elongated tub extending from mouth to anus

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3
Q

The role of the mouth

A

Mechanical digestion with salivary amylase produced by salivary glands

Breakdown of starch into disaccharide molecules

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4
Q

What are the two phases in the preparatory stage?

A

Involuntary

Voluntary

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5
Q

Involuntary phase

A

The tongue rises against the palette and closes the nasopharynx

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6
Q

Voluntary phase

A

Swallowing occurs and the tongue moves to the hard palette pushing the food into orophynx

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7
Q

Peristalsis

A

Muscles wave like contraction moves food into different parts of digestive region

Occurs in the alimentary canal

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8
Q

Structure of alimentary canal

A

Contracting inner circular muscle sheet

Relaxing longitudinal muscle that pushes bolts in front of alimentary canal

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9
Q

What is the role of the oesophagus?

A

Transports bolus to the stomach in the abdomen

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10
Q

Role of the stomach

A

Stomach wall churns

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11
Q

Structure of the stomach

A

Two- layer coat & external muscular

Wall of the stomach made of columnar

Epithelial lining contains goblet cells: produces mucus that protects stomach lining from acid erosion

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12
Q

Role of gastric glands

A
  1. Produces gastric juice : contains gastric protease
  2. Parietal cells release HCl: denatures proteins
    denatures pepsinogen to pepsin
    production of gastric intrinsic factors
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13
Q

What is Gastric intrinsic factor

A

A glycoprotein produced by parietal cells

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14
Q

Stages of gastric intrinsic factor

A
  1. Protein acts as a buffer
  2. Increase of pH
  3. Gastrij cells altered
  4. HCl is too strong in the stomach + increased pepsinogen
  5. Protein digestion= increase in amino acids
  6. pH falls
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15
Q

What affects HCl production

A

Histamine

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16
Q

Role of histamine

A

Secreted by Enterochromaffin

17
Q

Cimetidine & Ranitidine

A

H2 receptor that inhibits stomach acid production

18
Q

What happens when food enters the stomach

A

Chyme emptied into the duodenum via pyloric sphincter

19
Q

What happens during peristalsis

A

Pyloric sphincter opens and allows some chyme to pass into duodenum

chyme mixed with juices and moves towards large intestine

20
Q

Role of duodenum

A

Protein digestion: Trypsin+ chymotrypsin broken down to small polypeptide and peptides

Synthesis and store fats: lipogenesis

21
Q

Structure of duodenum

A

Duodenal wall contains success entericus

22
Q

3 phases of gastric secretion

A
  1. Cephalic phase
  2. Gastric phase
  3. Intestinal phase
23
Q

Intestinal phase

A

Enterogastric reflex: gastric motility inhibited by release of hormones such as secretin& CCK

Closes pyloric sphincter= blocks additional chyme entering duodenum

Duodenum: reduces rate of stomach emptying to small intestine

24
Q

Function of liver

A

Produces bile which is manufactured by hepatocytes

Bile is temporarily stored in gallbladder

25
Q

Role of pancreas

A

Releases digestive juices

26
Q

Function of gallbladder

A

Stores bile needed for the digestion of fats in food

27
Q

Function of bile

A

Contains bile salts, cholesterol, water and electrolytes

28
Q

Structure of liver

A

Connected to portal vain: brings in nutrient rich blood from digestive system

Hepatic artery: carries oxygenates blood from heart

29
Q

Digestion of disaccharides

A

Small intestinal brush border enzymes such as sucrase-isomaltase

30
Q

Digestion of polysaccharides

A

In the mouth by salivary amylase

31
Q

Digestion of fats

A

Small intestine by pancreatic lipase

32
Q

Digestion of proteins

A

Stomach by pepsin and chymotrypsin secreted by the pancreas

33
Q

What is the biliary tree

A

System of vessels that direct secretions from liver, gallbladder and pancreas into the duodenum

Biosciences Applied to Nursing 1 (8 decks)

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