Introduction to the human body Flashcards

1
Q

Anatomy

A

study of body structures and the relationships between structures

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2
Q

Physiology

A

Study of the body’s function

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3
Q

Tissues

A

group of cells & materials around them that work together to carry out particular functions

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4
Q

4 types of tissues

A

Epithelial
Nerve
Connective
Muscle

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5
Q

Epithelial tissues

A

form covering and linings

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6
Q

Nerve tissues

A

communication & coordination

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7
Q

Connective tissues

A

give organs structural framework- includes blood and the defence cells

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8
Q

Muscle tissues

A

responsible for movement

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9
Q

Organs

A

made from one or more tissues and perform specific functions

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10
Q

System

A

a group of related organs joined together to carry out a function

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11
Q

Homeostasis

A

regulation of the internal state of body such as hormones, temp or oxygen

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12
Q

Positive feedback

A

encourages physiological processes

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13
Q

Negative feedback

A

slows down a system or stop process happening

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14
Q

Human body’s major planes

A

Sagittal plane
Midsagittal plane
Parasagittal plane
Frontal/coronal plane

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15
Q

Sagittal plane

A

the imaginary flat surface that divides the body or organ to right or left

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16
Q

Midsagittal plane

A

equal division of the body or organ to right/left

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17
Q

Parasagittal plane

A

unequal division of the body or organ

18
Q

Frontal/coronal plane

A

division of body or organ to anterior/posterior portions

19
Q

Directional terms

A

Words describing the position of one body part relative to another

20
Q

Superior

A

Upper part of the structure towards the head

21
Q

Inferior

A

Lower part of the structure

Away from the head

22
Q

Anterior

A

Nearer the front of the body

23
Q

Posterior

A

Nearer to or at the back of the body

24
Q

Medial

A

Nearer to the midline that divides the body into equal right and left side

25
Lateral
Farther from the midline or midsagittal
26
Intermediate
Between two structures
27
Ipsilateral
Structures found on the same side of the body
28
Contralateral
Structures found on opposite sides of the body
29
Proximal
Structures nearer the attachment of a limb to the trunk: nearer the origination of a structure
30
Distal
Farther from the attachment of a limb to the trunk
31
External (superficial)
Toward or on the surface of the body
32
Internal ( Deep)
Away from the surface of the body
33
Body cavities
Spaces within the body that contain, protect, seperate and support internal organs
34
Cranial cavity
contains brain- formed by cranial bones
35
Vertebral cavity
contains spinal cord& beginnings of spinal nerves- formed by vertebral column
36
Thoracic cavity
chest cavity | contains pleural&pericardial cavity &mediastinum
37
Pleural cavity
surrounds lung | serous membrane; pleura
38
Pericardial cavity
surrounds heart | serous membrane; pericardium
39
Mediastinum
the central portion of the thoracic cavity between the lungs contains heart and large blood vessels
40
Abdominal cavity
contains stomach, gallbladder | serous membrane; peritoneum
41
Pelvic cavity
contains urinary bladder& internal organs of reproduction