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Primary Science: Systems > The Digestive System > Flashcards

The Digestive System Flashcards

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1
Q

What happens to the food that we eat?

A

The food that we eat has to be chewed and broken down into simple substances.

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2
Q

What is the process of breaking down the food that we eat into simple substances called?

A

Digestion

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3
Q

Define ‘digestion’.

A

Digestion is the process of chewing and breaking down the food that we eat into simple substances.
or
Digestion is the process by which food is broken down into simpler substances.

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4
Q

Why do we eat food?

A

To obtain energy to do work and to enable the different systems in our body to function properly.

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5
Q

Why is digestion important? or

Why must food be broken down into simpler substances?

A

So that they can be absorbed into the blood and carried / transported to different parts of the body.

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6
Q

How is food digested?

A

Digestive juices in some organs of the digestive system act on food, breaking it down into simpler substances that the body can absorb.

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7
Q

What are the organs that make up the digestive system?

A
  1. mouth
  2. gullet (oesophagus)
  3. stomach
  4. small intestine
  5. large intestine
  6. rectum
  7. anus
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8
Q

What do the organs that make up the digestive system form?

A

A continuous tube called the digestive tract, which starts from the mouth and ends at the anus.

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9
Q

What is the digestive tract?

A

A continuous tube which starts from the mouth and ends at the anus.

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10
Q

What does the digestive tract contain?

A

A layer of muscles to move food along.

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11
Q

Where does digestion start / begin at?

A

In the mouth.

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12
Q

What happens to the food in our mouths?

A

Food is chewed into smaller pieces. Saliva makes the food soft enough for us to swallow. The digestive juice in the saliva helps in the digestion process.

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13
Q

What are the functions of saliva?

A
  1. To make food soft enough for us to swallow.
  2. To make the food wet and soft, so that it can be swallowed easily.
  3. To break down some food into simpler substances as saliva contains certain digestive juices.
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14
Q

What does our saliva contain?

A

Digestive juice that helps in the digestion process.

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15
Q

How do our teeth help in the digestion process?

A

Our teeth chew food into smaller pieces. This helps to increase the surface area of food that digestive juices can act on.

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16
Q

What happens to the soft chewed food in our mouths?

A

They are rolled into small balls and swallowed.

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17
Q

What is the gullet also known as?

A

Oesophagus

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18
Q

How does food move from our mouths into our stomach?

A

Through a tube known as the gullet.

19
Q

What is the gullet?

A

It is a tube that connects the mouth to the stomach.

20
Q

What does the gullet have?

A

The gullet has muscles to push the chewed food down into the stomach.

21
Q

What is the stomach?

A

The stomach is a muscular and elastic bag that produces certain digestive juices.

22
Q

What happens to the chewed food that has been pushed down by the gullet into the stomach?

A

Digestion of food continues inside our stomach. The food is digested further and mixed with other digestive juices.

Food is squeezed and mixed with the digestive juices to break down some food into simpler substances (the food then becomes a liquid-like substance).

23
Q

What happens to the further digested food, i.e. after food has become a liquid-like substance in the stomach?

A

It moves into the small intestine.

24
Q

What happens to the liquid-like substance (food) that has been moved to the small intestine?

A

More digestive juices are added to the food in the small intestine.

25
Q

Where is the digestion of food completed / finished at?

A

In the small intestine.

26
Q

What happens after the digestion of food is completed or finished in the small intestine?

A

The digested food can then pass through the lining / walls of the small intestine into (i.e. enters) the blood. The blood then carries the digested food to all / different parts of our bodies.

27
Q

What is the small intestine?

A

It is a long tube in which more digestive juices are added to break down ALL FOOD into simpler substances.

28
Q

What does our blood do to the digested food and other nutrients that are found in the small intestine?

A

Blood transports the digested food and other absorbed nutrients to the different parts of the body.

29
Q

What happens to the undigested food found in the small intestine?

A

The undigested food, i.e. materials that are not absorbed, moves or goes into the large intestine.

30
Q

What happens to the undigested food in the large intestine?

A

Water and mineral salts are removed from the large intestine.

31
Q

What is the function of the large intestine?

A

To absorb / remove water and mineral salts from the undigested food.

32
Q

What happens to the water and mineral salts that have been removed from the undigested food in the large intestine?

A

They pass through the wall of the large intestine and enter the blood.

33
Q

What happens to the undigested waste materials in the large intestine?

A

They are moved into the rectum and then passed out of the body through an open called the anus.

34
Q

What is the rectum?

A

The final part of the large intestine.

35
Q

What is the final part of the large intestine called?

A

The rectum.

36
Q

What is the function of the rectum?

A

It stores the undigested waste materials just before they are passed out of the body through the anus as solid waste or faeces.

37
Q

Is food digested in EVERY part of the digestive system?

A

No. Food is digested only in the mouth, the stomach and the small intestine.

38
Q

What is diarrhoea?

A

Passing out of loose or liquid stools.

39
Q

What causes diarrhoea?

A

Microorganisms that irritate the mucous membrane of the large intestine, resulting in an abnormally large quantity of water in our faeces (stools).

40
Q

Does every organ in our digestive system have its own function?

A

Yes. However, they must work together for digestion to take place smoothly.

41
Q

What must every organ in our digestive system do in order for digestion to take place smoothly?

A

Work together.

42
Q

What does our circulatory system do?

A

Send the digested food to different parts of our bodies to provide us with energy.

43
Q

How can germs get into our bodies?

A

Through the food that we eat. This can affect the digestion of our food.

44
Q

What can we do to prevent germs from getting into our bodies?

A

Wash our hands before a meal.

Primary Science: Systems (8 decks)

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