The Digestive System Flashcards
In the mouth the food is
Mechanically digested by the teeth
What does chewing do
Make food easier to swallow and increases surface area
Why is food digested more quickly in small pieces
It IT increases the surface are for enzymes to act on this allows food to be broken down more quickly
What is the food mixed with
Saliva
What does saliva begin
Chemical digestion of the food as the enzyme amylase is in it and breaks down starch into glucose
What does the food form
A bolus
The food passes down the oesophagus to the stomach by a process called
Peristalsis
What is the food mixed with in the stomach
Gastric juice
What is gastric juice
A mixture of hydrochloric acid which kill microbes and give the stomach the correct PH for the enzyme protease to work in.
The food is held in the stomach and released into the
Small intestine
What I’d the top part of the small intestine called
Duodenum
What is released into the duodenum from the liver
Bile
What does bile do
Neutralizes the acid from the stomach and helps speed up digestion of fat by breaking bog bits of fat into smaller bits
What does the liver do
Make bile
What does the gall bladder do
Stores bile
What does the pancreas do
Produces enzymes
What is the lower part of the small intestine called
The ileum
What happens in the ilium
The products glucose amino acids fatty acids and glycerol are absorbed into the blood stream
What adaptions does the ileum have
Very long inside wall folded villi microvilli
What do the adaptions give
A very large surface area for absorbing food molecules and gives time for complete absorption
What must the colon do
Absorb water
What happens if we don’t absorb water
We will become dehydrated and get diarrhoea
What are the only things that pass into the colon
Undigested food and water
What stores the faeces
The rectum
