The Digestion Process And Alimentary Canal Regions

Question 1

Process of eating

Answer 1

1. ingestion
2. digestion
3. absorption (assimilation)
4. Egestion

Question 2

Define ingestion

Answer 2

The taking in of substances, eg food and drink, into the body through the mouth

Question 3

Define digestion

Answer 3

The breakdown of large, insoluble food molecules into small, watersoluble moleculesnusing mechanical and chemical processes

Question 4

Define absorption

Answer 4

The movement of small food molecules and ions through the wall of the intestine into the blood

Question 5

Define egestion

Answer 5

The passing out of food that has not been digested or absorbed, as faeces, through the anus

Question 6

Define mechanical digestion

Answer 6

The breakdown of food into smaller pieces without chemical change to the food molecules

Question 7

Chemical digestion

Answer 7

The breakdown of large, insoluble molecules into small, soluble molecules

Question 8

How mechanical digestion relates to food

Answer 8

Chewing

Action of muscles in oesophagus, stomach and small intestine

Question 9

How chemical digestion relates to food

Answer 9

Enzymes catalyse the breakdown of larger food molecules into smaller food molecules

Question 10

Digestioj in the mouth and oesophagus

Answer 10

1. chewed food is mixed with saliva in the mouth
2. saliva contains
   - amylase is an enzyme which starts to digest starch into augars (maltose)
   - muchs helps soften the food making it easier to swallow
3. the bolus travels down the oesophagus with aid of peristalsis

Question 11

Conditions in stomach

Answer 11

• hydrochlorix acid is produced which provides the potimum pH for pepsin to work
• the acid denatures the enzymes in harmful microorganisms in food

Question 12

Bile

Answer 12

Produced in liver, atores in gall bladder, secreted into small intestine
-neutralises acid, enabling anzymes in small intestine to work

Question 13

Liver

Answer 13

• excess glucose is converted to glycogen for storage

- excess amino acids removed from body

Question 14

How is the small intestine well designed for absorption?

Answer 14

• thin lining
• a good blood supply
• very large surface area

Question 15

What so the villi do?

Answer 15

-increase surface area for absorption

Question 16

What does the colon do?

Answer 16

Watery mix of enzymes and undigestes food sent there, water is absorbed back into the blood stream

Question 17

Where is faeces egested?

Answer 17

Compacted in the rectum and egested through the anus