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Geography > THE devwlopment Gap > Flashcards

THE devwlopment Gap Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the different ways of measuring development?

A

GNP

Birth rate

HDI

Infant mortality

GNI

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2
Q

HDI?

A

Human development index

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3
Q

How is HDI calculated?

A

An index based on life expectancy at birth, level of education and income adjusted for purchasing power

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4
Q

GNI?

A

Gross national income

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5
Q

GNP?

A

Gross national product

Measure of wealth but does not take account of some business taxes

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6
Q

Conservation swaps?

A

A way for poorer countries to make money and get themselves out of debt

Paid for by environmental conservation

1984 WWF

Many countries followed

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7
Q

Example of how politics can affect development?

A

Zimbabwe

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8
Q

Invisible trade?

A

Work force
Services
Financial industry

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9
Q

Visible trade?

A

Goods that you will buy and sell

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10
Q

Balance of trade?

A

The difference between exports and imports

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11
Q

Trade surplus?

A

You are selling more than you need to buy

You make more money

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12
Q

What is trade deficit?

A

You are spending more money than you are making

You lose money

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13
Q

List the G8 countries

A

UK

France
Germany
USA
Italy
Russia
Japan 
Canada
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14
Q

Why does most trade take place between wealthier countries?

A

The price of manufactured goods is steadier

MEDCs can afford tariffs

Good infrastructure to move raw materials and finished goods

Manufactured goods are more expensive to buy - only other wealthier countries can afford them

Trading blocks

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15
Q

What are tariffs?

A

Government taxes on imported or exported goods

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16
Q

What are trading blocks?

A

A trade bloc is a type of intergovernmental agreement, often part of a regional intergovernmental organization, where regional barriers to trade, (tariffs and non-tariff barriers) are reduced or eliminated among the participating states.

17
Q

Why is it bad poorer countries rely on one product for export?

A

If demand for this product decreases country can’t support itself

Economy will crash

18
Q

Primary products?

A

Tend to be low in price

The prices can fluctuate

The output can decline

19
Q

Manufactured goods?

A

They have a greater value so sell at a higher price

The prices tend to increase

The markets are protected- trading bloc

20
Q

Definition of government/bilateral aid?

A

Given directly by a richer country to a poorer country

Often tied (with strings attached)

21
Q

Multilateral aid?

A

International organisations

Given by organisations such as the world bank and the imf

Top down aid

22
Q

Voluntary aid?

A

Non governmental organisations such as Oxfam and ActionAid which collect money and receive gifts for people in LEDCs

Bottom up aid

More sustainable

Deals with emergencies

23
Q

Short term aid

A

Emergency

Needed to cope with effects of environmental hazards such as earthquakes and tropical storms

24
Q

Long term aid

A

Organisations such as practical action which help people in LEDCs to support themselves

Trains

Don’t fall into debt

25
Q

Cahora Bassa dam

A

Mozambique

Bilateral aid - begun by the Portuguese government

Largest of dams in Southern Africa

Money is made for the Mozambican economy

Could provide the whole of Mozambique with all the power it needs for the foreseeable future

Only 1% of Mozambicans rural homes have direct electricity supply

Most of the power is sold to South Africa

3 dams in one basin- environmental damage - shrimp fishing industry almost destroyed

26
Q

Fair trade ?

A

A system whereby agricultural producers in countries at lesser stages of development are paid a decent price for their produce. This helps them to attain a reasonable standard of living

Cocoa - kuapo kokoa- Ghana

27
Q

Example of top down aid

A

Haiti

28
Q

E.g. Of bottom up aid

A

Mozambique

29
Q

Why is Ireland more developed than Bulgaria?

A

Physically closer to more developed economies with established trading links

30
Q

CAP

A

Common agricultural policy

31
Q

EU strategies to close the development gap?

A

Tariffs on imports

Quotas on imports

Guaranteed minimum prices- stable

Improve farmers income

32
Q

Structural funds

A

Support poorer regions of europe

Improve infrastructure

33
Q

Standard of living

A

Economic indicator

About the material possessions that you have

34
Q

Quality of life

A

How you feel about your life

How happy you are

Geography (7 decks)

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