Population Flashcards
Natural decrease?
The death rate exceeds the birth rate
Exponential growth?
A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases. Often shown as a curve
Birth rate?
The number of births per 1000 people per year
Death rate?
The number of deaths per 1000 people per year
Natural increase
The birth rate exceeds the death rate
Natural change
The difference between birth rate and death rate, expressed as a percentage
A MEDC…
Has a slow natural increase
Has a low infant mortality
Has a low birth rate because it is very narrow at the base of the pyramid
Has a higher life expectancy because it is fairly even throughout the pyramid
Hausa low death rate because it is still fairly wide at the top
A LEDC…
Has a rapid natural increase because it gets thinner before the top
Has a higher infant mortality because the graph has quite a steep slope
Has a higher birth rate because it is very wide at the base
Has a lower life expectancy because it is a lot thinner at the top than it is at the base
Has a higher death rate because it is very thin at the top
Benefits of an elderly population?
Public transport
Less youth to pay for (dependent)
Drawbacks of elderly population?
Bigger dependent population in general to look after
Services needed for elderly
Economy could decline
Not enough jobs filled
Example of a higher elderly population?
Worthing, West Sussex
Example of higher population of youth?
Wandsworth, London
Benefits of more youthful population?
Lots of jobs being filled
Thriving economy
In the future, there may not be enough facilities for the elderly
How many stages of the demographic transition model?
5
Stage 1 of the demographic transition model?
HIGH FLUCTUATING STAGE
- little medicine
- low life expectancy
- no means of birth control
REMOTE RAINFOREST AREAS(today)
- Amazonia
- Indonesia
UK was stage 1 before about 1760
Stage 2 of the demographic transition model?
CHANGES FROM STAGE 1
-decrease in death rate
Improvements in medicine and hygiene- cure and prevent diseases
Life expectancy increases
Mostly agricultural economies- children work on land - keeps birth rates high
Stage 3 of the demographic transition model?
Death rate continues to fall but more slowly
Birth rate rapidly decreases
- avaliability of birth control
- economic changes-benefit from smaller families
UK STAGE 3 1880
Stage 4 of the demographic transition model?
Birth and death rates low
Birth rate varies according to economic situation
Low fluctuating stage
People more likely to be able to afford children-economy growing-jobs-earn a good living
Slow population growth
Stage 5 demographic transition model?
Many Easter and a few wester European countries
Death rate rises-population includes more elderly people
Discouragement from having babies
Lots of career opportunities for women-decide not to have children
Major factors affecting population growth?
Agricultural change
Urbanisation
Education
Emancipation and status of women
How does agricultural change affect population growth?
Change-more technology used More yield Less workers on the land Smaller families STAGES 1-2
How does urbanisation affect population growth?
More rural to urban migration
More education and employment opportunity
Less children needed
Stages 2-3
How does education affect population growth?
Improve education
Improved quality of life
Children become an economic
Stages 3-4
How does emancipation and status of women affect population growth?
More oppertunities for women ie education and jobs
Increased equality
Less time for having children
1/5 of women are childless
STAGES 4/5
Describe the location of Singapore. Why is it called the crossroads of Asia?
Located in Southeast Asia between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea
It is called this because it is Inbetween all the other countries in south-east Asia, therefore where people cross over to get tot he other side
Average number of people per square kilometre in Singapore?
7736
Three problems that an increasing population may cause for Singapore?
LACK IN FOOD SUPPLIES
Has to import all it’s food- the whole island has been urbanised
Could lead to starvation
CRAMPED CONDITIONS
Lack of space
UNEMPLOYMENT
May not be enough jobs for the whole working population
Could lead to poverty
CHINA
ONE CHILD POLICY
family planning officers?
Persuade mothers not to have a second child
Persuade to have abortion
Persuade to be sterilised
CHINA ONE CHILD POLICY
factories/workplace?
Permission to get married Taught about family planning Tested about family planning Marriage for those over 24yrs old Told when they can start trying for a child Telltales/ informers- granny police
CHINA ONE CHILD POLICY
What happens when you legally have a child
Registration card given when pregnant
New babies registered at police station
Free nursery education for one
CHINA ONE CHILD POLICY
change?
Why ?
Now allowed 2 children under any circumstances
Working numbers fell below the world average and the population was getting older
Problems created by China’s one child policy?
SOCIAL PRESSURES
GENDER IMBALANCE Preference for sons Over 15million girl orphans 100:118 60 million single males increase in rapes
SPOILT CHINESE CHILDREN
reputation for being over indulged
Called ‘little emperors’
HIGH DEPENDENCY RATIO
4-2-1 families
Heavy strain on children
ECONOMIC
Not enough workers for factories in some locations with rapid industrialisation
REPLACEMENT RATIO
The birth rate is now lower than the replacement ratio
Exceptions to the china policy
Minority groups of the population are excluded
Where children are essential for work on land two are allowed if the first is a girl
Single child couples may have two children
CHINAS POPULATION POLICY
why was it needed
The country was heading for famine
The population was growing too fast to be sustainable
China pop policy
Each couple:
Not marry until late 20s
Only 1 successful pregnancy
Sterilised after child 1 or abortions
Receive 5-10% salary rise for only 1 child
Priority housing , pension and family benefits inc free ed
CHINA POPULATION POLICY
those who disobeyed and had a second child…
10% salary cut
Huge fine emposed
Family has to pay for both childrens healthcare and ed
How successful was the policy?
Did not start out very well but after a while became v successful
Benefits of the policy?
Famine has not happened Enough people can now have food and jobs 400 million fewer people born Increased living standard for many New industries have lifted millions out of poverty
When did china end it’s one child policy?
November 2013
Zero growth?
A population in balance
Birth rate is equal to death rate, so there is no growth or decrease
