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Geography > Population > Flashcards

Population Flashcards

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1
Q

Natural decrease?

A

The death rate exceeds the birth rate

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2
Q

Exponential growth?

A

A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases. Often shown as a curve

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3
Q

Birth rate?

A

The number of births per 1000 people per year

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4
Q

Death rate?

A

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year

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5
Q

Natural increase

A

The birth rate exceeds the death rate

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6
Q

Natural change

A

The difference between birth rate and death rate, expressed as a percentage

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7
Q

A MEDC…

A

Has a slow natural increase

Has a low infant mortality

Has a low birth rate because it is very narrow at the base of the pyramid

Has a higher life expectancy because it is fairly even throughout the pyramid

Hausa low death rate because it is still fairly wide at the top

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8
Q

A LEDC…

A

Has a rapid natural increase because it gets thinner before the top

Has a higher infant mortality because the graph has quite a steep slope

Has a higher birth rate because it is very wide at the base

Has a lower life expectancy because it is a lot thinner at the top than it is at the base

Has a higher death rate because it is very thin at the top

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9
Q

Benefits of an elderly population?

A

Public transport

Less youth to pay for (dependent)

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10
Q

Drawbacks of elderly population?

A

Bigger dependent population in general to look after

Services needed for elderly

Economy could decline

Not enough jobs filled

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11
Q

Example of a higher elderly population?

A

Worthing, West Sussex

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12
Q

Example of higher population of youth?

A

Wandsworth, London

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13
Q

Benefits of more youthful population?

A

Lots of jobs being filled

Thriving economy

In the future, there may not be enough facilities for the elderly

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14
Q

How many stages of the demographic transition model?

A

5

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15
Q

Stage 1 of the demographic transition model?

A

HIGH FLUCTUATING STAGE

  • little medicine
  • low life expectancy
  • no means of birth control

REMOTE RAINFOREST AREAS(today)

  • Amazonia
  • Indonesia

UK was stage 1 before about 1760

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16
Q

Stage 2 of the demographic transition model?

A

CHANGES FROM STAGE 1
-decrease in death rate

Improvements in medicine and hygiene- cure and prevent diseases

Life expectancy increases

Mostly agricultural economies- children work on land - keeps birth rates high

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17
Q

Stage 3 of the demographic transition model?

A

Death rate continues to fall but more slowly

Birth rate rapidly decreases

  • avaliability of birth control
  • economic changes-benefit from smaller families

UK STAGE 3 1880

18
Q

Stage 4 of the demographic transition model?

A

Birth and death rates low

Birth rate varies according to economic situation

Low fluctuating stage

People more likely to be able to afford children-economy growing-jobs-earn a good living

Slow population growth

19
Q

Stage 5 demographic transition model?

A

Many Easter and a few wester European countries

Death rate rises-population includes more elderly people

Discouragement from having babies

Lots of career opportunities for women-decide not to have children

20
Q

Major factors affecting population growth?

A

Agricultural change
Urbanisation
Education
Emancipation and status of women

21
Q

How does agricultural change affect population growth?

A 
Change-more technology used
More yield
Less workers on the land 
Smaller families
STAGES 1-2
22
Q

How does urbanisation affect population growth?

A

More rural to urban migration

More education and employment opportunity

Less children needed

Stages 2-3

23
Q

How does education affect population growth?

A

Improve education

Improved quality of life

Children become an economic

Stages 3-4

24
Q

How does emancipation and status of women affect population growth?

A

More oppertunities for women ie education and jobs

Increased equality

Less time for having children

1/5 of women are childless

STAGES 4/5

25
Q

Describe the location of Singapore. Why is it called the crossroads of Asia?

A

Located in Southeast Asia between the Indian Ocean and the South China Sea

It is called this because it is Inbetween all the other countries in south-east Asia, therefore where people cross over to get tot he other side

26
Q

Average number of people per square kilometre in Singapore?

A

7736

27
Q

Three problems that an increasing population may cause for Singapore?

A

LACK IN FOOD SUPPLIES
Has to import all it’s food- the whole island has been urbanised
Could lead to starvation

CRAMPED CONDITIONS
Lack of space

UNEMPLOYMENT
May not be enough jobs for the whole working population
Could lead to poverty

28
Q

CHINA
ONE CHILD POLICY
family planning officers?

A

Persuade mothers not to have a second child

Persuade to have abortion

Persuade to be sterilised

29
Q

CHINA ONE CHILD POLICY

factories/workplace?

A 
Permission to get married
Taught about family planning
Tested about family planning
Marriage for those over 24yrs old
Told when they can start trying for a child
Telltales/ informers- granny police
30
Q

CHINA ONE CHILD POLICY

What happens when you legally have a child

A

Registration card given when pregnant

New babies registered at police station

Free nursery education for one

31
Q

CHINA ONE CHILD POLICY
change?
Why ?

A

Now allowed 2 children under any circumstances

Working numbers fell below the world average and the population was getting older

32
Q

Problems created by China’s one child policy?

A

SOCIAL PRESSURES

GENDER IMBALANCE
Preference for sons
Over 15million girl orphans
100:118
60 million single males increase in rapes

SPOILT CHINESE CHILDREN
reputation for being over indulged
Called ‘little emperors’

HIGH DEPENDENCY RATIO
4-2-1 families
Heavy strain on children

ECONOMIC
Not enough workers for factories in some locations with rapid industrialisation

REPLACEMENT RATIO
The birth rate is now lower than the replacement ratio

33
Q

Exceptions to the china policy

A

Minority groups of the population are excluded

Where children are essential for work on land two are allowed if the first is a girl

Single child couples may have two children

34
Q

CHINAS POPULATION POLICY

why was it needed

A

The country was heading for famine

The population was growing too fast to be sustainable

35
Q

China pop policy

Each couple:

A

Not marry until late 20s
Only 1 successful pregnancy
Sterilised after child 1 or abortions
Receive 5-10% salary rise for only 1 child
Priority housing , pension and family benefits inc free ed

36
Q

CHINA POPULATION POLICY

those who disobeyed and had a second child…

A

10% salary cut
Huge fine emposed
Family has to pay for both childrens healthcare and ed

37
Q

How successful was the policy?

A

Did not start out very well but after a while became v successful

38
Q

Benefits of the policy?

A 
Famine has not happened
Enough people can now have food and jobs
400 million fewer people born
Increased living standard for many
New industries have lifted millions out of poverty
39
Q

When did china end it’s one child policy?

A

November 2013

40
Q

Zero growth?

A

A population in balance

Birth rate is equal to death rate, so there is no growth or decrease

Geography (7 decks)

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