The development of attachment Flashcards

1
Q

Who developed the 4 stages of attachment?

A

Schaffer and Emerson.

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2
Q

What are the 4 stages of attachment?

A

Indiscriminate attachments. Beginnings of attachment. Discriminate attachment. Multiple attachments.

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3
Q

Describe Schaffer and Emerson’s longitudinal study into the development of attachment.

A

60 working class Glasgow infants. Mothers visited every 4 weeks for a year. Reported extent of infant’s response to different separation scenarios. Found that with age, stranger anxiety increased, and a specific attachment developed.

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4
Q

Describe key processes in indiscriminate attachment stage.

A

Similar response to all objects. Interactional synchrony and reciprocity.

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5
Q

Describe key processes in beginnings of attachment stage.

A

Prefer human company. Stranger anxiety. More social.

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6
Q

Describe key processes in discriminate attachment stage.

A

Separation anxiety. Joy in reunion. Develop primary attachment figure.

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7
Q

Describe key processes in multiple attachments stage.

A

Multiple attachments - more than 1 attachment figure

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8
Q

(A03) Why is the Schaffer and Emerson study unreliable?

A

Based on mother’s reports. Some may interpret behaviours differently. Also social desirability bias. Systematic bias - validity.

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9
Q

(A03) What was the issue with the sample used by Schaffer and Emerson? (2 paragraphs from this)

A

1) Biased sample: working class, Glasgow. May not apply to population and other social groups. Reduces impact that the study can have etc.
2) Temporal (time) validity: 1960s. Gender roles of mothers changed. Findings may not be applicable now.

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10
Q

(A03) Why is the worldwide impact of the Schaffer and Emerson study limited?

A

Does not apply to other cultures. Ijzendoorn and Kroonenberg differences in attachment types collectivist and individualist cultures. Shows importance of culture - stages may not be same (don’t develop primary attachment figure etc.)

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