The Development Gap

Question 1

What is gross national income or gross national product?

Answer 1

The total value of goods and services people of that nationality produce in a year

Question 2

What is GNI per capita/head?

Answer 2

This is the GNI divided by the population of a country

Question 3

What is birth rate?

Answer 3

The number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year

Question 4

What is death rate?

Answer 4

The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year

Question 5

What is the infant mortality rate?

Answer 5

The number of babies who die under 1 year old, per thousand babies born.

Question 6

What is people per doctor?

Answer 6

The average number of people for each doctor

Question 7

What is literacy rate?

Answer 7

The percentage of adults who can read and write.

Question 8

What is access to safe water?

Answer 8

Te percentage of people who can get clean drinking water.

Question 9

What is life expectancy?

Answer 9

The average age a person can expect to live to

Question 10

What is human development index?

Answer 10

This a number that’s calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate, education level and income per head.

Question 11

Limitations of development measures (2)

Answer 11

They are averages so don’t show variations.

Shouldn’t be used on their own as some aspects develop quicker than others.

Question 12

Where are most MEDCs found?

Answer 12

In the north

Question 13

Where are most LEDCs found?

Answer 13

In the south

Question 14

What are rich industrial countries?

Answer 14

The most developed countries in the world.

Question 15

What are newly industrialising countries?

Answer 15

Countries which are rapidly getting richer as their economy is moving from being based on primary industry to secondary industry.

Question 16

What is primary and secondary industry?

Answer 16

Primary is agricultural.

Secondary is manufacturing.

Question 17

What are the poorest LEDCs?

Answer 17

Heavily indebted poor countries

Question 18

What are oil-exporting countries like?

Answer 18

They are quite rich but the wealth often belongs to a few people and the rest are quite poor.

Question 19

What are former communist countries like?

Answer 19

These countries aren’t really poor, but aren’t rich either yet develop quite quickly.

Question 20

What is standard of living?

Answer 20

Someone’s material wealth e.g. Their income or whether they own a car etc

Question 21

What is quality of life?

Answer 21

Includes standard of living and other things that are harder to measure e.g. How safe they are and how nice their environment is.

Question 22

What are the 5 environmental factors that affect how developed a country is?

Answer 22

Poor climate, poor farming land, limited water supply, natural hazards and few raw materials.

Question 23

What are the three political factors that slow development?

Answer 23

If a country has an unstable government it might not invest in healthcare, education and improving the economy.

If it is corrupt many people can’t improve their economy.

War means money spent on equipment and people don’t work and buildings are destroyed.

Question 24

How can people try to. Prove their quality of life? (3)

Answer 24

Moving from rural areas to urban areas.

Improving environment

Setting up community projects like opening schools.

Question 25

What does fairtrade consist of?

Answer 25

Getting a fair price for goods produced in poorer countries. Buyers pay extra on top of the fair price to help develop the area where the goods come from. Only producers that treat employees well can join

Question 26

What is a problem of fairtrade?

Answer 26

Producers in the scheme often produce a lot because of the good prices which can cause excess. This will make prices fall and people not in the fairtrade scheme lose out

Question 27

What are trading groups?

Answer 27

Groups of countries that make agreements to reduce barriers to trade

Question 28

What is a positive of trading groups?

Answer 28

When a poor country joins a trading group the amount of money the country gets from trading increases

Question 29

What is a negative of trading groups?

Answer 29

It's harder for poorer countries who are not part of a trading group to export goods to countries that are part of trading groups

Question 30

What is debt abolition?

Answer 30

When some or all of a country's debt is cancelled.

Question 31

What are conservation swaps?

Answer 31

Part of a country's debt is paid off by someone else in exchange for investment in conservation.

Question 32

What is aid called when it goes directly to the recipient?

Answer 32

Bilateral aid

Question 33

What is aid called when it indirectly goes through an international organisation that distributes the aid?

Answer 33

Multilateral aid

Question 34

What is short term aid?

Answer 34

Money or resources to help recipient countries cope with emergencies like earthquakes and wars.

Question 35

What is an advantage to the recipient of short term aid?

Answer 35

The impact of the aid will be immediate so more people will survive emergency

Question 36

What is a disadvantage to recipient of short term aid?

Answer 36

The development of a country remains unchanged and the country could become reliant on aid.

Question 37

What is long term aid?

Answer 37

Money or resources to help recipient countries become more developed, e.g. To improve healthcare.

Question 38

An advantage to recipient of long term aid?

Answer 38

Countries will be less reliant on foreign aid as they become more developed.

Question 39

A disadvantage to recipient of long term aid?

Answer 39

It can take a while before the aid benefits a country. E.g. Hospitals take a long time to be built.

Question 40

What is a disadvantage and advantage of aid for donor countries?

Answer 40

It costs them money and resources but they can gain political allies

Question 41

How can giving aid to a corrupt government be bad?

Answer 41

The government may use the money and resources ineffectively by using it to find their lifestyle or to pay for political events.

Question 42

What is gross domestic product?

Answer 42

The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year.

Question 43

What are three examples of the type of development projects aid is spent on?

Answer 43

Constructing schools to improve literacy rates and hospitals to improve reduce mortality rates. Building dams and wells to improve clean water supplies. Providing farming knowledge and equipment to improve agriculture

Question 44

What does sustainability development mean?

Answer 44

Developing in a way that doesn't irreversibly damage the environment or use up resources faster than they can be replaced

Question 45

What are three things that international aid donors do to encourage sustainable development?

Answer 45

Invest in renewable energy Educate people about their environmental impact Plant trees in areas that have been affected by deforestation.