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Geography > The Development Gap > Flashcards

The Development Gap Flashcards

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1
Q

What is gross national income or gross national product?

A

The total value of goods and services people of that nationality produce in a year

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2
Q

What is GNI per capita/head?

A

This is the GNI divided by the population of a country

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3
Q

What is birth rate?

A

The number of live babies born per thousand of the population per year

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4
Q

What is death rate?

A

The number of deaths per thousand of the population per year

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5
Q

What is the infant mortality rate?

A

The number of babies who die under 1 year old, per thousand babies born.

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6
Q

What is people per doctor?

A

The average number of people for each doctor

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7
Q

What is literacy rate?

A

The percentage of adults who can read and write.

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8
Q

What is access to safe water?

A

Te percentage of people who can get clean drinking water.

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9
Q

What is life expectancy?

A

The average age a person can expect to live to

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10
Q

What is human development index?

A

This a number that’s calculated using life expectancy, literacy rate, education level and income per head.

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11
Q

Limitations of development measures (2)

A

They are averages so don’t show variations.

Shouldn’t be used on their own as some aspects develop quicker than others.

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12
Q

Where are most MEDCs found?

A

In the north

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13
Q

Where are most LEDCs found?

A

In the south

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14
Q

What are rich industrial countries?

A

The most developed countries in the world.

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15
Q

What are newly industrialising countries?

A

Countries which are rapidly getting richer as their economy is moving from being based on primary industry to secondary industry.

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16
Q

What is primary and secondary industry?

A

Primary is agricultural.

Secondary is manufacturing.

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17
Q

What are the poorest LEDCs?

A

Heavily indebted poor countries

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18
Q

What are oil-exporting countries like?

A

They are quite rich but the wealth often belongs to a few people and the rest are quite poor.

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19
Q

What are former communist countries like?

A

These countries aren’t really poor, but aren’t rich either yet develop quite quickly.

20
Q

What is standard of living?

A

Someone’s material wealth e.g. Their income or whether they own a car etc

21
Q

What is quality of life?

A

Includes standard of living and other things that are harder to measure e.g. How safe they are and how nice their environment is.

22
Q

What are the 5 environmental factors that affect how developed a country is?

A

Poor climate, poor farming land, limited water supply, natural hazards and few raw materials.

23
Q

What are the three political factors that slow development?

A

If a country has an unstable government it might not invest in healthcare, education and improving the economy.

If it is corrupt many people can’t improve their economy.

War means money spent on equipment and people don’t work and buildings are destroyed.

24
Q

How can people try to. Prove their quality of life? (3)

A

Moving from rural areas to urban areas.

Improving environment

Setting up community projects like opening schools.

25
Q

What does fairtrade consist of?

A

Getting a fair price for goods produced in poorer countries. Buyers pay extra on top of the fair price to help develop the area where the goods come from.

Only producers that treat employees well can join

26
Q

What is a problem of fairtrade?

A

Producers in the scheme often produce a lot because of the good prices which can cause excess. This will make prices fall and people not in the fairtrade scheme lose out

27
Q

What are trading groups?

A

Groups of countries that make agreements to reduce barriers to trade

28
Q

What is a positive of trading groups?

A

When a poor country joins a trading group the amount of money the country gets from trading increases

29
Q

What is a negative of trading groups?

A

It’s harder for poorer countries who are not part of a trading group to export goods to countries that are part of trading groups

30
Q

What is debt abolition?

A

When some or all of a country’s debt is cancelled.

31
Q

What are conservation swaps?

A

Part of a country’s debt is paid off by someone else in exchange for investment in conservation.

32
Q

What is aid called when it goes directly to the recipient?

A

Bilateral aid

33
Q

What is aid called when it indirectly goes through an international organisation that distributes the aid?

A

Multilateral aid

34
Q

What is short term aid?

A

Money or resources to help recipient countries cope with emergencies like earthquakes and wars.

35
Q

What is an advantage to the recipient of short term aid?

A

The impact of the aid will be immediate so more people will survive emergency

36
Q

What is a disadvantage to recipient of short term aid?

A

The development of a country remains unchanged and the country could become reliant on aid.

37
Q

What is long term aid?

A

Money or resources to help recipient countries become more developed, e.g. To improve healthcare.

38
Q

An advantage to recipient of long term aid?

A

Countries will be less reliant on foreign aid as they become more developed.

39
Q

A disadvantage to recipient of long term aid?

A

It can take a while before the aid benefits a country. E.g. Hospitals take a long time to be built.

40
Q

What is a disadvantage and advantage of aid for donor countries?

A

It costs them money and resources but they can gain political allies

41
Q

How can giving aid to a corrupt government be bad?

A

The government may use the money and resources ineffectively by using it to find their lifestyle or to pay for political events.

42
Q

What is gross domestic product?

A

The total value of goods and services a country produces in a year.

43
Q

What are three examples of the type of development projects aid is spent on?

A

Constructing schools to improve literacy rates and hospitals to improve reduce mortality rates.

Building dams and wells to improve clean water supplies.

Providing farming knowledge and equipment to improve agriculture

44
Q

What does sustainability development mean?

A

Developing in a way that doesn’t irreversibly damage the environment or use up resources faster than they can be replaced

45
Q

What are three things that international aid donors do to encourage sustainable development?

A

Invest in renewable energy

Educate people about their environmental impact

Plant trees in areas that have been affected by deforestation.

Geography (6 decks)

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