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Geography > The Coastal Zone > Flashcards

The Coastal Zone Flashcards

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1
Q

What are constructive waves?

A

Waves created on a flat beach with strong swash and weak backwash. Good for deposition and use little energy

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2
Q

What are destructive waves?

A

Waves created on a steep beach, weak swash and strong backwash. Use more energy and good for erosion

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3
Q

What is hydraulic power?

A

Sheer power against the rocks cause air trapped in the cracks and caves of cliffs is compressed increasing pressure on the rocks

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4
Q

What is abrasion?

A

The breaking waves through sand and pebbles against the rock face. These break off pieces of rock and cause undercutting

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5
Q

What is solution/corrosion?

A

This is the chemical action of the sea water on the rocks.

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6
Q

What is attrition?

A

Particles carried by the waves knock against each other and are broken down into sand size particles

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7
Q

What happens in long shore drift?

A

Waves arrive at the beach at an angle.
Sediment is washed up on the beach in the swash.
Sediment is moved straight down the beach in the waves backwash.
This process continues.
Therefore the width of the beach is bigger at one end than the other

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8
Q

What is solution?

A

Dissolved rock, often from limestone or chalk

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9
Q

What is suspension?

A

Particles carried in the water

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10
Q

What is traction?

A

Large pebbles rolled along the seabed

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11
Q

What is saltation?

A

A hopping or bouncing motion of particles too heavy to be suspended

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12
Q

What is deposition?

A

Deposition is when the sea loses energy, it drops the sand, rock particles and pebbles it has been carrying

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13
Q

What are the two types of mass movement?

A

Rotational slumping

Sliding

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14
Q

What is rotational slumping?

A

Slump of saturated soil and weak rock along a curved surface

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15
Q

What is sliding?

A

Blocks of rock slide downhill

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16
Q

What is weathering?

A

The disintegration or decay of rocks in their original place

17
Q

What are the two types of weathering?

A

Mechanical and chemical

18
Q

How is a headland created?

A

Hard rock erodes a lot slower than soft rock.

This creates a headland.

19
Q

How is a bay formed? How is a beach formed?

A

Wave refraction mirrors at the headland, making convergent waves. The divergent waves create the bay. The convergent waves continue to make a headland. The divergent waves slow down so deposition creates a beach

20
Q

What is a spit?

A

A spit is a finger of new land made of sand and shingle jutting out into the sea from the coast

21
Q

What is a beach?

A

A deposition of sand or shingle at the coast often found at the head of a bay

22
Q

What is a bar?

A

A spit that has grown across a bay connecting two headlands

23
Q

What are three hard engineering strategies?

A

Sea wall
Groynes
Rock armour

24
Q

What are three soft engineering strategies?

A

Beach nourishment
Dune regeneration
Marsh creation

25
Q

Costs and benefits of using groynes?

A 
Cost = sediment is no longer deposited further along the beach so the beach is smaller
Benefit = stops longshore drift
26
Q

What is a benefit of beach nourishment?

A

Creates larger beach to absorb the seas energy

27
Q

What are the two main reasons for sea level rise?

A

Increase in the seas and oceans as the earth warms

The tilting of the British Isle as the land readjusts from the last ice age. Sea levels are rising

28
Q

What are the characteristics of stud land bay?

A

Sand dunes
Weedy bay
Heathland

29
Q

How is studland bay being protected?

A

Sssi
Boat owners not to go near seahorse habitat
Fencing off sand dunes
National trust

30
Q

What is wave strength affected by?

A 
Shape of sea bed
Wind strength
Prevailing wind
Shape of beach
Fetch (distance over which the wind blows)
31
Q

What is mechanical weathering?

A

Breakdown of rock without changing its chemical composition

32
Q

What is chemical weathering?

A

Breakdown of rock by changing its chemical composition

33
Q

What is mass movement?

A

Shifting of rocks and loose material down a slope

34
Q

What is beach nourishment?

A

Sand or shingle from elsewhere is added to beaches

35
Q

What is dune regeneration

A

Creating or restoring sand dunes by either nourishment or by planting vegetation to stabilise the land

36
Q

What is marsh creation?

A

Planting vegetation in mudflats along the coast

37
Q

What is managed retreat?

A

Removing an existing defence and allowing the land behind it to flood

Geography (6 decks)

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