The Cytoplasm

Question 1

Muscle and other contractile cells

Answer 1

movement

Question 2

epithelial cells

Answer 2

form adhesive and tight junctions between cells

Question 3

fibroblasts, cells of bone and cartilige

Answer 3

synthesize and secrete components of the extracellular matrix

Question 4

neurons and sensory cells

Answer 4

converst physical and chemical stimuli into action potentials

Question 5

cells of digestive glands

Answer 5

synthesis and secretion of degradative enzymes

Question 6

cells of mucous glands

Answer 6

synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins

Question 7

certain cells of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary

Answer 7

synethesis and secretion of steroids

Question 8

cells of the kidney and salivary gland ducts

Answer 8

ion transport

Question 9

macrophages and neutrophils

Answer 9

intracelluar digestion

Question 10

fat

Answer 10

lipid storage

Question 11

cells lining the intestine

Answer 11

metabolite absorption

Question 12

simple diffusion

Answer 12

unassisted net movement of small, nonpolar substances down their concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane

Question 13

facilitated diffusion

Answer 13

movement of ions and small, polar molecules down their concentration gradient, assisted across a selectively permeable membrane by a transport protein

Question 14

facilitated diffusion channel-mediated

Answer 14

movement of an ion down its concentration gradient through a protein channel (NA + moves through the Na+ channel into the cell)

Question 15

facilitated diffusion carrier mediated

Answer 15

movement of small, polar molecule down its concentration gradient by a carrier protein. transport of glucose into cells by glucose carriers.

Question 16

osmosis

Answer 16

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane direction is determined by relative solute concetnrations; continues until equilibrium is reached

Question 17

active transport

Answer 17

transport of ions or small molecules across the membrane against a concetnration gradient by transmembrane protien pumps

Question 18

primary

Answer 18

movement of substance up its concentration gradient; powered directly by ATP; Ca2+ pumps transport calcium ions out of the call na/k pump moves na out of the cell and k into the cell

Question 19

secondary

Answer 19

movement of a substance up its concentration gradient is powered by harnessing the movement of a second substance down its concentration gradient

Question 20

symport

Answer 20

movement of substance up its concentration gradient in the same direction from Na Na/glucose transport

Question 21

antiport

Answer 21

movement of a substance up its gradient in the opposite direction from Na Na+/H+ transport

Question 22

exocytosis

Answer 22

bulk movement of substance out of the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

Question 23

endocytosis

Answer 23

bulk movement of substances into the cell by vesicles forming at the cell membrane

Question 24

phagocytosis

Answer 24

type of endocytosis in which vesicles are formed as as particulate materials external to the cell are engulfed by pseudopodia

Question 25

pinocytosis

Answer 25

type of endocytosis in which vesicles are formed as interstitial fluid is taken up by the cell

Question 26

cilia

Answer 26

short, numerous membrane extensions supported by microtubules which occur in exposed membrane surfaces of some cells. move substances over the cell surface

Question 27

microvilli

Answer 27

numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface, supported by microfilaments they increase the membrane of the surface are for greater aborption

Question 28

flagellum

Answer 28

long singular membrane extension supported by microtubules present on sperm cells

Question 29

nucleus

Answer 29

large structure enclosed within a doubl e membrane; contains chromatin, nucleolus and nucleoplasm. it houses the DNA that serves as the genetic mateiral for directing protein synthesis

Question 30

nuclear envelope

Answer 30

doulbe membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents. continus with rough endoplasmic reticulum. separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

Question 31

nuclear pores

Answer 31

openings through the nuclear envelope. allow passage of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm including ribonucleic acid, proteins, ions, and small water soluable molecules

Question 32

nucleolus

Answer 32

large prominent structure within the nucleus, functions in the synthesis of ribosomes

Question 33

cytoplasm

Answer 33

contents of cell between the plasm and membrane and nuclear envelope. responsible for many cellular processes

Question 34

cytosol

Answer 34

viscous fluid medium with dissolved solutes (ions, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) provides support for organells, serves as the viscous fluid medium through which diffusion occurs

Question 35

organelles

Answer 35

membrane bound and non membrane bound structures. carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell

Question 36

rough ER

Answer 36

extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape. modifies, transport, and stores proteins produced by attached ribosomes

Question 37

smooth ER

Answer 37

extensive interconnected membrane network lacking ribosomes. synthesies, tranports, stores lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates detoxifies drugs, alcohol an d poisons, forms vesicles and peroxisomes

Question 38

golgi apparatus

Answer 38

series of several elongated flattened sacklike membranous structures. modifies, packages, and sorts materials that arrive from the ER in transport vesicles forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

Question 39

vesicles

Answer 39

spherical shaped membrane bound sacs; contain varous types of materials to be transported through the cell. tranport cellular material

Question 40

lysosomes

Answer 40

spherical-shaped membrane bound organelles formed from the golgi apparatus containing digestive enzymes digest microbes or materials (eg. ingested by the cell, worn-out cellular components or the entire cell)

Question 41

peroxisomes

Answer 41

smaller, spherical-shaped membrane bound organelles formed from the ER or through fission. contain oxidative enzymes. detoxify specific harmful substances either produced by the cell or taken into the cell engage in bet oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl co A

Question 42

mitochondira

Answer 42

double membrane bound organelles containing a circular strand of DNA (genes for producing mitochondrial proteins) they synthesize most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules (glucose in the presence of oxygen)

Question 43

ribosomes

Answer 43

organelles composed of both protein and robosomal RNA that are oganized into both a large and small unit. may be bound to a membrane or free in the cytosol. engage in protein synthesis. bound ribosomes produce proteins that are secreted, incorporated into plasma membrane and within lysosomes free ribosomes produce protein used within the cell.

Question 44

cytoskeleton

Answer 44

organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules including microfilaments intermediate filaments and microtubules. maintains intracellular structural support and organization of cells. participates in cell division, facilitates movement

Question 45

microfilametns

Answer 45

actin protein monomers organized into two thin intertwined protein filaments actin. maintain cell shape, support microvilli, separate two cells during cytokinesis, facilitate change in cell shape and participate in muscle contraction

Question 46

intermediate filaments

Answer 46

various protein components. provide structural support, stabilize junctions between cells

Question 47

microtubules

Answer 47

hollow cylinders composed of tubulin protine. maintain cell shape and rigidity, organize and move organelles, support ciliar and flagella, particpate in vesicle