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Histology > The Cytoplasm > Flashcards

The Cytoplasm Flashcards

1
Q

Muscle and other contractile cells

A

movement

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2
Q

epithelial cells

A

form adhesive and tight junctions between cells

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3
Q

fibroblasts, cells of bone and cartilige

A

synthesize and secrete components of the extracellular matrix

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4
Q

neurons and sensory cells

A

converst physical and chemical stimuli into action potentials

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5
Q

cells of digestive glands

A

synthesis and secretion of degradative enzymes

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6
Q

cells of mucous glands

A

synthesis and secretion of glycoproteins

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7
Q

certain cells of the adrenal gland, testis, and ovary

A

synethesis and secretion of steroids

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8
Q

cells of the kidney and salivary gland ducts

A

ion transport

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9
Q

macrophages and neutrophils

A

intracelluar digestion

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10
Q

fat

A

lipid storage

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11
Q

cells lining the intestine

A

metabolite absorption

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12
Q

simple diffusion

A

unassisted net movement of small, nonpolar substances down their concentration gradient across a selectively permeable membrane

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13
Q

facilitated diffusion

A

movement of ions and small, polar molecules down their concentration gradient, assisted across a selectively permeable membrane by a transport protein

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14
Q

facilitated diffusion channel-mediated

A

movement of an ion down its concentration gradient through a protein channel (NA + moves through the Na+ channel into the cell)

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15
Q

facilitated diffusion carrier mediated

A

movement of small, polar molecule down its concentration gradient by a carrier protein. transport of glucose into cells by glucose carriers.

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16
Q

osmosis

A

diffusion of water across a selectively permeable membrane direction is determined by relative solute concetnrations; continues until equilibrium is reached

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17
Q

active transport

A

transport of ions or small molecules across the membrane against a concetnration gradient by transmembrane protien pumps

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18
Q

primary

A

movement of substance up its concentration gradient; powered directly by ATP; Ca2+ pumps transport calcium ions out of the call na/k pump moves na out of the cell and k into the cell

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19
Q

secondary

A

movement of a substance up its concentration gradient is powered by harnessing the movement of a second substance down its concentration gradient

20
Q

symport

A

movement of substance up its concentration gradient in the same direction from Na Na/glucose transport

21
Q

antiport

A

movement of a substance up its gradient in the opposite direction from Na Na+/H+ transport

22
Q

exocytosis

A

bulk movement of substance out of the cell by fusion of secretory vesicles with the plasma membrane

23
Q

endocytosis

A

bulk movement of substances into the cell by vesicles forming at the cell membrane

24
Q

phagocytosis

A

type of endocytosis in which vesicles are formed as as particulate materials external to the cell are engulfed by pseudopodia

25
Q

pinocytosis

A

type of endocytosis in which vesicles are formed as interstitial fluid is taken up by the cell

26
Q

cilia

A

short, numerous membrane extensions supported by microtubules which occur in exposed membrane surfaces of some cells. move substances over the cell surface

27
Q

microvilli

A

numerous thin membrane folds projecting from the free cell surface, supported by microfilaments they increase the membrane of the surface are for greater aborption

28
Q

flagellum

A

long singular membrane extension supported by microtubules present on sperm cells

29
Q

nucleus

A

large structure enclosed within a doubl e membrane; contains chromatin, nucleolus and nucleoplasm. it houses the DNA that serves as the genetic mateiral for directing protein synthesis

30
Q

nuclear envelope

A

doulbe membrane boundary between cytoplasm and nuclear contents. continus with rough endoplasmic reticulum. separates the nucleus from the cytoplasm

31
Q

nuclear pores

A

openings through the nuclear envelope. allow passage of materials between the cytoplasm and the nucleoplasm including ribonucleic acid, proteins, ions, and small water soluable molecules

32
Q

nucleolus

A

large prominent structure within the nucleus, functions in the synthesis of ribosomes

33
Q

cytoplasm

A

contents of cell between the plasm and membrane and nuclear envelope. responsible for many cellular processes

34
Q

cytosol

A

viscous fluid medium with dissolved solutes (ions, proteins, carbohydrates, lipids) provides support for organells, serves as the viscous fluid medium through which diffusion occurs

35
Q

organelles

A

membrane bound and non membrane bound structures. carry out specific metabolic activities of the cell

36
Q

rough ER

A

extensive interconnected membrane network that varies in shape. modifies, transport, and stores proteins produced by attached ribosomes

37
Q

smooth ER

A

extensive interconnected membrane network lacking ribosomes. synthesies, tranports, stores lipids, metabolizes carbohydrates detoxifies drugs, alcohol an d poisons, forms vesicles and peroxisomes

38
Q

golgi apparatus

A

series of several elongated flattened sacklike membranous structures. modifies, packages, and sorts materials that arrive from the ER in transport vesicles forms secretory vesicles and lysosomes

39
Q

vesicles

A

spherical shaped membrane bound sacs; contain varous types of materials to be transported through the cell. tranport cellular material

40
Q

lysosomes

A

spherical-shaped membrane bound organelles formed from the golgi apparatus containing digestive enzymes digest microbes or materials (eg. ingested by the cell, worn-out cellular components or the entire cell)

41
Q

peroxisomes

A

smaller, spherical-shaped membrane bound organelles formed from the ER or through fission. contain oxidative enzymes. detoxify specific harmful substances either produced by the cell or taken into the cell engage in bet oxidation of fatty acids to acetyl co A

42
Q

mitochondira

A

double membrane bound organelles containing a circular strand of DNA (genes for producing mitochondrial proteins) they synthesize most ATP during aerobic cellular respiration by digestion of fuel molecules (glucose in the presence of oxygen)

43
Q

ribosomes

A

organelles composed of both protein and robosomal RNA that are oganized into both a large and small unit. may be bound to a membrane or free in the cytosol. engage in protein synthesis. bound ribosomes produce proteins that are secreted, incorporated into plasma membrane and within lysosomes free ribosomes produce protein used within the cell.

44
Q

cytoskeleton

A

organized network of protein filaments and hollow tubules including microfilaments intermediate filaments and microtubules. maintains intracellular structural support and organization of cells. participates in cell division, facilitates movement

45
Q

microfilametns

A

actin protein monomers organized into two thin intertwined protein filaments actin. maintain cell shape, support microvilli, separate two cells during cytokinesis, facilitate change in cell shape and participate in muscle contraction

46
Q

intermediate filaments

A

various protein components. provide structural support, stabilize junctions between cells

47
Q

microtubules

A

hollow cylinders composed of tubulin protine. maintain cell shape and rigidity, organize and move organelles, support ciliar and flagella, particpate in vesicle

Histology (6 decks)

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