Cartilage

Question 1

Hyaline cartilage

Answer 1

Type II collagen+aggrecan +hyaluronic acid+multiahdesive glycoproteins(40% of weight)+ (WATER 60%). + chondrocytes ← chondroblasts ← mesenchymal cells 1. Territorial vs interterrirotiral matrix

2. Chondrocytes SPACED OUT more in hyaline cartilage
3. “Glassy” appearance of ECM

most common of 3 cartilages

Question 2

cartilage

Answer 2

durable, high concentration of GAGS, proteoglycans interacting with collagen and elastic fibers. mechanical and protective roles. allows tissue to bear mechanical stress without perm distortion.

Question 3

perichondrium

Answer 3

sheath of dense connective tissue that surrounds cartilage in the tissues supported by cartilage. harbors blood supply serving cartilage and a small neural component. type 1 collagen fibers and fibroblasts. everywhere except articular cartilage of joints.

Question 4

Where is hyaline cartilage located

Answer 4

articular surfaces of movable joints, walls of respiratory passages (nose, larynx, trachea, bronchi), ventral ends of ribs, where they articulate with sternum, epiphyseal plates of long bones. temporarily forms skeleton of baby.

Question 5

Elastic

Answer 5

Type II collagen+aggrecan+elastic fibers+hyaluronic acid+chondrocytes 1. Chondrocytes spaced CLOSELY

2. Does NOT look glassy
3. Dark thin staining elastic fibers in ECM as well

Question 6

elastic cartilage locations

Answer 6

external ear, external acoustic meatus, auditory tube, epiglottis and certain laryngeal cartilages

Question 7

Regulator of hyaline cartilage

Answer 7

growth hormone or somatropin, acts by promoting endocrine release from the liver of insulin like growth factors. which stimulate the cells of hyaline cartilage

Question 8

Fibrocartilage

Answer 8

Type II collagen+aggrecan+type I collagen+hyaluronic acid+chondrocytes+fibroblasts

1. Linear appearance or lineup of chondrocytes in lacunae
2. ECM looks like dense connective tissue
3. Lacks a perichondrium

Question 9

Extracellular matrix components

Answer 9

1. Hyaline
   cartilage is mostly WATER (60%) and also collagen type II bound to aggrecan (40%) 2. What GAGs? Non-sulfated Hyaluronic acid, chondroitin and keratin sulfates (sulfated)

Question 10

glycoproteins

Answer 10

Aggrecan mainly

Question 11

multiadhesive glycoproteins

Answer 11

Chondronectin

Question 12

proteoglycans bind to what

Answer 12

water, bottle brushes

Proteoglycans (bottle brushes).

Question 13

Cartilage vascularity - where is vascular supply?

Answer 13

perichondrium

Question 14

chondrocytes

Answer 14

Derived from chondroblasts ← mesenchymal stem cells in inner layer of PC

Question 15

Territorial matrix

Answer 15

the ECM around each lacuna and contains mostly proteoglycans and sparse collagen

Question 16

interterritorial matrix

Answer 16

rich in collagen and less basophillic

Question 17

where is perichondrium not?

Answer 17

1. Found in all elastic cartilage and most hyaline

2. NOT found in fibrocartilage, articular cartilage, epiphyseal growth plate

Question 18

layers of perichondrium

Answer 18

1. Inner stem cell layer → appositional growth (OUT TO IN)

2. Outer fibroblast layer

Question 19

Are there nerves and blood vessels in perichondrium ? what happens if damage occurs?

Answer 19

Nerves? Blood vessels? YES.

What happens if you damage this structure?
1. Wound healing and repair inhibited

Question 20

What do mast cells do upon second exposure to allergen?

Answer 20

1. IgE attach to mast cell membranes from first exposure.
2. Upon second exposure, IgE primed mast cells release granules which cause allergic reaction (so do basophils, they work hand in hand)