The Crusader States Of Outremer, 1100-92 Flashcards
❗️How did these donations develop over time?
It increased. For example in 1172 King Henry II of England promised to pay for 200 knights. In 1186, £20,000 was sent to the Templers and Hospitallers
When was Baldwin I crowned the King of Jerusalem?
When Godfrey died, he was replaced by Baldwin on 11 November 1100
What was the defence situation of Outremer at the end of Baldwins reign?
Strengths:
1: the roads that were used for trade, were more secure
2: most of the ports were now under Frankish (the crusaders) control
Weakness:
1: Baldwins expansion eastwards created tension with Damascus
Describe the reign of Baldwin I
His reign was both strong and effective because he managed to consolidate the territories of Outremer and actively defend it against the Turkish threats. Additionally his system of castles were heavily depended on for defence and helped Outremer to survive
How did Baldwin II become King of Jerusalem?
When Baldwin I died on 2 April 1118 he named his brother as heir. However Baldwin of Bourcq the count of Edessa arrived in Jerusalem and tried to take the throne. As a result of his supporters and being present in Jerusalem, Baldwin was crowned King
Describe the reign of Baldwin II
He quickly proved himself to be an able and effective defender, this was shown when Antioch was left without a regent and he acted in this role until 1126. Additionally he continued Baldwins I’s strategy of expansion in order to minimise threat to Jerusalem
❗️Despite his successes, what challenges did Baldwin face? (2)
1: rebellion in 1123: Baldwin was captured in the military campaign and was imprisoned for a year, during this time some of the Jerusalem’s nobles tried to get Count Charles of Flanders installed as king
2: Baldwin only had daughters and therefore was unable to secure male line, he overcame this by marrying his daughter - Melisende - to Count Fulk of Anjou and they had a baby (Baldwin III)
Where did the origins of some of these challenges come from?
They came from Baldwins long period of absence in Antioch, and his shady circumstances in which he became king
When did Baldwin II die?
21 April 1131
❗️What were the two conflicting families?
1: The Montlhery family: Baldwin II, Melisenda and Count Hugh were members of this family
2: The Angevins: they were represented by Count Fulk
Why was there conflict?
Conflict arose when Fulk became king, he chose to put the Angevins into key position within the nobility of Jerusalem, he angered the established Lords. Additionally his sidelining of Melisende lead to a revolt by Count Hugh of Jaffa in 1134
What happened during this revolt?
He made an agreement with the Muslims against Fulk. However, the effect of this turned some of his supporters against him forcing him to give up his rebellion. On his way out of the kingdom for his punishment of exile, he was stabbed and killed
What did this revolt mean for Melisende?
Fulk was forced to give Melisende a greater role in the day-to-day government of the kingdom, not wanting to generate animosity to his leadership
What happened as a result of Melisende not wanting to give up the kingdom to Baldwin III when he became of age 1145?
After ignoring his request to resolve the issue through division of the kingdom between them, he was forced to send her back to her land Nablus
Describe the reign of Baldwin III
All the Crusader states looked up to Baldwin for help to restore stability. For example Raymond II of Tripoli was murdered and Princess Constance of Antioch had lost her husband in battle
