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Anatomy Exam 1 > The Cranium (AKA Hooooly shit there are a lot of structures in the Cranium) > Flashcards

The Cranium (AKA Hooooly shit there are a lot of structures in the Cranium) Flashcards

1
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Facial skeleton, in red. Develops from pharyngeal arches. Nasal, Inferior Nasal Concha, Palatine, Lacrimal, Ethmoid (except cribiform plate), Zygomatic. Mandible, Vomer, Maxilla,Temporal (tympanic portion, including the styloid process),Sphenoid (Pterygoid processes).

NIPLEZ MVMTS!

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2
Q

Neurocranium

A

Brain skeleton, in white. Develops from paraxial mesoderm. Sphenoid, Temporal, Ethmoid, Parietal, Occipital, Frontal (STEPOF my skull!)

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3
Q

Bones of the Cranium

A

27 + mandible. Sutures between bones to hold it together, allow for growth. As brain grows, cranial elements around them grow/expand to accommodate. If skull was just one bone, different rates of growth would not be able to be accomodated.

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4
Q

Lacrimal Bone

A

Smallest bone in face. Front medial wall of orbit.

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5
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A

Upper lateral part of face, forms prominence with cheek. Floor of the orbit.

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6
Q

Nasal bone

A

Form the bridge of the nose

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7
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Separates nasal cavity from the brain. Located at roof of nose, between two orbits.

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8
Q

Middle Nasal Concha

A

Medial surface of labryinth of ethmoid ends in middle nasal concha. Directed vertically downward from cribiform plate.

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9
Q

Crista Galli

A

Crest of a rooster. Attachment for dura

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10
Q

Cribiform plate

A

Junction for olfactory bulb (CN1), will line either side and innervate nose. Penetrate though holes in cribiform plate to reach nose.

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11
Q

Ethmoid Air Cells

A

Composed of pockets of air cells, holes in bone

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12
Q

Nasal Concha

A

Exist to increase surface area –> more gaseous exchanges/more moisture picked up

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13
Q

Orbital plate

A

Lamina papyracea (layer of paper). Very thin, succeptible to breakage. Forms medial surface of the orbit.

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14
Q

Perpendicular plate (ethmoid bone)

A

thin lamina of the ethmoid bone, descends from cribiform plate assiting in forming the septum of the nose.

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15
Q

Inferior Nasal Concha

A

Extends horizontally down lateral wall of nasal cavity

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16
Q

Sphenoid

A

Immediately behind ethmoid.

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17
Q

Greater wing of sphenoid

A

Lateral. Larger than lesser. Curved upward, laterally, and back. Features: foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum.

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18
Q

Lesser wing of sphenoid

A

Medial. Two thin plates, end in sharp points. Main features are optic canal and superior orbital fissure.

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19
Q

Foramen Rotundem

A

Top foramen of the sphenoid, transmits the maxillary nerve

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20
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Middle foramen of the sphenoid, transmits the mandibular nerve, the accessory meningeal artery, and lesser petrosal nerve

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21
Q

Foramen Spinosum

A

Bottom foramen of the sphenoid in the posterior angle near to and in front of the spine; transmits recurrent branch from mandibular nerve

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22
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3,4, Optic 5, and 6 pass through. Part of lesser wing of sphenoid

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23
Q

Optic canal

A

Superiomedial of sphenoid bone. Lateral of sella turcica

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24
Q

Pterygoid Canal

A

Runs posteromedially through sphenoid bone. Transmits nerve, artery, and vein of pterygoid canal

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25
Optic canal
CN2 (Optic Nerve) passes through. Medial in sphenoid bone
26
Sella Turcica
Turkish Cell. Depression in Sphenoid bone, holds pituitary gland. Most medial in sphenoid bone.
27
Pterygoid processes
Part of sphenoid bone Involved in Mastication. Consist of a medial and lateral bone fused at their upper parts.
28
Temporal Bone
Has parts in viscerocranium and neurocranium.
29
Styloid process
Attachment for muscles. Just below acoustic meatus.
30
Squamous part of temporal bone
Component of temporal bone. Forms lateral component of neurocranium.
31
Petrous part of temporal bone
component of temporal bone. wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones
32
Petrous Ridge
Between medial cranial fossa to posterior cranial fossa in interior.
33
Acoustic Meatus
Has internal/external components. Petrous part of temporal bone + ear canal
34
Internal acoustic meatus
CN 7/8 pass through
35
External acoustic meatus
ear canal
36
Tympanic part of temporal bone
in front of mastoid process, surrounds acoustic meatus
37
Zygomatic Process
Arched process connecting temporal with zygomatic bone.
38
Fossa
Depression
39
Mandibular Fossa
depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandibular condyle. Bounded by the articular tubule.
40
Jugular Fossa
Deep depression in temporal bone posterior to carotid canal. Lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein.
41
Carotid Canal
Carotid passes through temporal here
42
Stylomastoid Foramen
Transmits facial nerve and stylomastoid artery
43
Aparatus of Ear
Ossicles: Malleus, Incus, Stapes. Aka middle ear, house the ossicles.
44
Auditory Tube
Aka eustachian tube. Links nasopharynx to middle ear. Important for pressure equalization.
45
Maxillary bone
form upper jaw/palate of mouth
46
Vomer Bone
Vomer + ethmoid separate nasopharynx. Unpaired bone. Located at midsaggital line, forms posterior portion of nasal septum. Thin
47
Palatine Bone
Situated at the back of the nasal cavity between maxilla and pterygoid process of sphenoid. Articulates w/ maxilla.
48
Sinuses
Pockets of air lined with mucous membranes
49
Frontal sinuses
Passageway from frontal sinuses into ethmoidal area
50
Maxillary sinuses
Largest sinuses. Found in body of maxilla, drain into middle meatus of nose.
51
Sphenoidal sinuses
Contained in body of sphenoid.
52
Nasolacrimal duct
Post-nasal drip
53
Mandible (bone)
Form lower jaw.
54
Mandibular Condyle
Head and neck of mandible. Point where it articulates with the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint.
55
Ramus of Mandible
Lateral surface of dorsal mandible
56
Mandibular angle
Anteroposterior ridge of mandible
57
Alveolus of Mandible
Anterior to teeth, tooth socket
58
Mandibular Foramen
opening on the internal surface of the ramus. Allows mandibular nerve and vessels to pass
59
Mylohyoid groove
Groove along interior of mandible, lodges mylohyoid vessel/nerves.
60
Coronoid process
attachments to temporalis and masseter muscles
61
Mental Protruberance
responsible for structure of chin
62
Mental foramen
allows passage of mental nerve and vessels
63
Calvaria
Plate-like bones surrounding the brain. "Skull-cap". Unique plate-like bones composed of inner and outer tables, with cancellous diploë in between
64
Diploe
Layer consists of bone containing red bone marrow
65
Bones of the Orbit
Bones of orbit: Sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine, maxilla, zygomatic
66
Bones of Nasal Cavity/Nasalpharynx
Vomer, ethmoid, Nasal, Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, palatine, inferior nasal concha, maxilla
67
Temporomandibular Joint
Only moving joint of the cranium. Head of mandible rides on Articular Tubercle, not against the Mandibular Fossa
68
Coronal Suture
Suture between Frontal and parietal
69
Sphenoparietal
Suture between Sphenoid and parietal. Found at position of pterion.
70
Squamosal
Suture between squamous and parietal
71
Lambdoidal
Cranial suture from parietal to occipital
72
Occipitomastoidal
Occipital to mastoid (petrous part of temporal)
73
Metopic Suture
Destroyed with age, sutures together sagitally the frontal bone
74
Sagittal suture
Between two parietal bones in skull
75
Fontanelles
Soft membranous gaps in infants' head between incomplete sutures in the cranium. Colloquially refered to as "soft spots"
76
Extranumerary bones
Seen in skulls when undergoing rapid growth, bony elements along sutures. Also refered to as Incan/Wormian bone
77
Le Fort Classification
Maxillary bones (and their neighbors) tend to fracture in set patterns; bilaterally and either horizontally, pyramidally, or transverly.
78
Foramen Magnum
Large opening in occipital bone of cranium, spinal cord exits. Medulla oblongata, vertebral arteries, and accessory nerve (CNXI)
79
Plagiocephaly
Premature fusion of one side of crania, either coronal or lambdoidal sutures ( flattening of one side of the skull). Flat head syndrome, increased because of SIDS training --\> babies being put on their back.
80
Craniosynostosis
Deformities resulting from premature closure of cranial sutures. Type of deformity depends on which sutures fuse prematurely. 5-8% of newborns
81
Scaphocephaly
Long narrow head resulted from premature fusion of sagittal suture (40-60%)
82
Brachycephaly
Premature fusion of coronal suture (20-30%). Another form of "flat head" syndrome. [Note not from lecture: This is frequently a characteristic of Down Syndrome]
83
Trigonocephaly
Premature fusion of metopic suture (\<10%). Results in triangle shaped forehead as visible from top.
84
Kleeblattschadel/Cloverleaf
Premature fusion of coronal, lambdoidal, and sagittal. Extremely rare. Skull appears clover shaped, usually a significant reduction in IQ.
85
Microcephaly
Severe reduction in brain size
86
Hydrocephaly
abnormal buildup of CSF in the ventricles of the brain --\> increase of cranial pressure --\> mental disability/death
87
Bregma
Coronal suture and sagittal suture intersection
88
Glabella
Point where eyebrows come together. Right above naison
89
Nasion
Intersection of frontal bone and nasal bones
90
Pterion
intersection of the frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and parietal bones, generally along the sphenoparietal suture
91
Lambda
The point at the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures
92
Anterior Cranial Fossa
depression in the floor of the cranial vault which houses the frontal lobes. Formed by frontal bones, cribiform plate of ethmoid, and sphenoid
93
Middle Cranial Fossa
Houses temporal lobe of brain.
94
Posterior cranial fossa
Houses cerebellum, pons, and medulla
95
Incisive Foramen
Nasopalatine Nerve (from CN V2) and Sphenopalatine Vessels
96
Greater and Lesser Foramen
Greater and Lesser Palatine Nerve (from CN V2) and Vessels
97
Foramen Ovale
Mandibular Nerve (CN V3) and Accessory Meningeal Artery
98
Foramen Spinosum (Base of Cranium)
Middle Meningeal Artery and Meningeal Branch of Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)
99
Foramen Lacerum
Internal Carotid (Carotid Canal passes through horizontally)
100
Carotid Canal (Base of Cranium)
Internal Carotid Artery
101
External Acoustic Meatus (Base of Cranium)
Auditory apparatus
102
Stylomastoid Foramen (Base of skull)
Facial Nerve (CNVII)
103
Jugular Foramen
Inferior Petrosal Sinus becomes Internal Jugular Vein, Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX), Vagus Nerve (CN X), Accessory Nerve (CN XI), and Posterior Meningeal Artery
104
Hypoglossal Canal
Located below Condyle. Hypoglossal Nerve passes through

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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