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Anatomy Exam 1 > The Cranium (AKA Hooooly shit there are a lot of structures in the Cranium) > Flashcards

The Cranium (AKA Hooooly shit there are a lot of structures in the Cranium) Flashcards

1
Q

Viscerocranium

A

Facial skeleton, in red. Develops from pharyngeal arches. Nasal, Inferior Nasal Concha, Palatine, Lacrimal, Ethmoid (except cribiform plate), Zygomatic. Mandible, Vomer, Maxilla,Temporal (tympanic portion, including the styloid process),Sphenoid (Pterygoid processes).

NIPLEZ MVMTS!

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2
Q

Neurocranium

A

Brain skeleton, in white. Develops from paraxial mesoderm. Sphenoid, Temporal, Ethmoid, Parietal, Occipital, Frontal (STEPOF my skull!)

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3
Q

Bones of the Cranium

A

27 + mandible. Sutures between bones to hold it together, allow for growth. As brain grows, cranial elements around them grow/expand to accommodate. If skull was just one bone, different rates of growth would not be able to be accomodated.

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4
Q

Lacrimal Bone

A

Smallest bone in face. Front medial wall of orbit.

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5
Q

Zygomatic Bone

A

Upper lateral part of face, forms prominence with cheek. Floor of the orbit.

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6
Q

Nasal bone

A

Form the bridge of the nose

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7
Q

Ethmoid Bone

A

Separates nasal cavity from the brain. Located at roof of nose, between two orbits.

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8
Q

Middle Nasal Concha

A

Medial surface of labryinth of ethmoid ends in middle nasal concha. Directed vertically downward from cribiform plate.

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9
Q

Crista Galli

A

Crest of a rooster. Attachment for dura

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10
Q

Cribiform plate

A

Junction for olfactory bulb (CN1), will line either side and innervate nose. Penetrate though holes in cribiform plate to reach nose.

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11
Q

Ethmoid Air Cells

A

Composed of pockets of air cells, holes in bone

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12
Q

Nasal Concha

A

Exist to increase surface area –> more gaseous exchanges/more moisture picked up

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13
Q

Orbital plate

A

Lamina papyracea (layer of paper). Very thin, succeptible to breakage. Forms medial surface of the orbit.

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14
Q

Perpendicular plate (ethmoid bone)

A

thin lamina of the ethmoid bone, descends from cribiform plate assiting in forming the septum of the nose.

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15
Q

Inferior Nasal Concha

A

Extends horizontally down lateral wall of nasal cavity

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16
Q

Sphenoid

A

Immediately behind ethmoid.

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17
Q

Greater wing of sphenoid

A

Lateral. Larger than lesser. Curved upward, laterally, and back. Features: foramen rotundum, foramen ovale, and foramen spinosum.

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18
Q

Lesser wing of sphenoid

A

Medial. Two thin plates, end in sharp points. Main features are optic canal and superior orbital fissure.

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19
Q

Foramen Rotundem

A

Top foramen of the sphenoid, transmits the maxillary nerve

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20
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Middle foramen of the sphenoid, transmits the mandibular nerve, the accessory meningeal artery, and lesser petrosal nerve

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21
Q

Foramen Spinosum

A

Bottom foramen of the sphenoid in the posterior angle near to and in front of the spine; transmits recurrent branch from mandibular nerve

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22
Q

Superior orbital fissure

A

CN 3,4, Optic 5, and 6 pass through. Part of lesser wing of sphenoid

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23
Q

Optic canal

A

Superiomedial of sphenoid bone. Lateral of sella turcica

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24
Q

Pterygoid Canal

A

Runs posteromedially through sphenoid bone. Transmits nerve, artery, and vein of pterygoid canal

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25
Q

Optic canal

A

CN2 (Optic Nerve) passes through. Medial in sphenoid bone

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26
Q

Sella Turcica

A

Turkish Cell. Depression in Sphenoid bone, holds pituitary gland. Most medial in sphenoid bone.

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27
Q

Pterygoid processes

A

Part of sphenoid bone Involved in Mastication. Consist of a medial and lateral bone fused at their upper parts.

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28
Q

Temporal Bone

A

Has parts in viscerocranium and neurocranium.

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29
Q

Styloid process

A

Attachment for muscles. Just below acoustic meatus.

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30
Q

Squamous part of temporal bone

A

Component of temporal bone. Forms lateral component of neurocranium.

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31
Q

Petrous part of temporal bone

A

component of temporal bone. wedged in at the base of the skull between the sphenoid and occipital bones

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32
Q

Petrous Ridge

A

Between medial cranial fossa to posterior cranial fossa in interior.

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33
Q

Acoustic Meatus

A

Has internal/external components. Petrous part of temporal bone + ear canal

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34
Q

Internal acoustic meatus

A

CN 7/8 pass through

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35
Q

External acoustic meatus

A

ear canal

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36
Q

Tympanic part of temporal bone

A

in front of mastoid process, surrounds acoustic meatus

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37
Q

Zygomatic Process

A

Arched process connecting temporal with zygomatic bone.

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38
Q

Fossa

A

Depression

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39
Q

Mandibular Fossa

A

depression in the temporal bone that articulates with the mandibular condyle. Bounded by the articular tubule.

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40
Q

Jugular Fossa

A

Deep depression in temporal bone posterior to carotid canal. Lodges the bulb of the internal jugular vein.

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41
Q

Carotid Canal

A

Carotid passes through temporal here

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42
Q

Stylomastoid Foramen

A

Transmits facial nerve and stylomastoid artery

43
Q

Aparatus of Ear

A

Ossicles: Malleus, Incus, Stapes. Aka middle ear, house the ossicles.

44
Q

Auditory Tube

A

Aka eustachian tube. Links nasopharynx to middle ear. Important for pressure equalization.

45
Q

Maxillary bone

A

form upper jaw/palate of mouth

46
Q

Vomer Bone

A

Vomer + ethmoid separate nasopharynx. Unpaired bone. Located at midsaggital line, forms posterior portion of nasal septum. Thin

47
Q

Palatine Bone

A

Situated at the back of the nasal cavity between maxilla and pterygoid process of sphenoid. Articulates w/ maxilla.

48
Q

Sinuses

A

Pockets of air lined with mucous membranes

49
Q

Frontal sinuses

A

Passageway from frontal sinuses into ethmoidal area

50
Q

Maxillary sinuses

A

Largest sinuses. Found in body of maxilla, drain into middle meatus of nose.

51
Q

Sphenoidal sinuses

A

Contained in body of sphenoid.

52
Q

Nasolacrimal duct

A

Post-nasal drip

53
Q

Mandible (bone)

A

Form lower jaw.

54
Q

Mandibular Condyle

A

Head and neck of mandible. Point where it articulates with the articular disc of the temporomandibular joint.

55
Q

Ramus of Mandible

A

Lateral surface of dorsal mandible

56
Q

Mandibular angle

A

Anteroposterior ridge of mandible

57
Q

Alveolus of Mandible

A

Anterior to teeth, tooth socket

58
Q

Mandibular Foramen

A

opening on the internal surface of the ramus. Allows mandibular nerve and vessels to pass

59
Q

Mylohyoid groove

A

Groove along interior of mandible, lodges mylohyoid vessel/nerves.

60
Q

Coronoid process

A

attachments to temporalis and masseter muscles

61
Q

Mental Protruberance

A

responsible for structure of chin

62
Q

Mental foramen

A

allows passage of mental nerve and vessels

63
Q

Calvaria

A

Plate-like bones surrounding the brain. “Skull-cap”. Unique plate-like bones composed of inner and outer tables, with cancellous diploë in between

64
Q

Diploe

A

Layer consists of bone containing red bone marrow

65
Q

Bones of the Orbit

A

Bones of orbit: Sphenoid, frontal, lacrimal, ethmoid, palatine, maxilla, zygomatic

66
Q

Bones of Nasal Cavity/Nasalpharynx

A

Vomer, ethmoid, Nasal, Lacrimal, Ethmoid, Sphenoid, palatine, inferior nasal concha, maxilla

67
Q

Temporomandibular Joint

A

Only moving joint of the cranium. Head of mandible rides on Articular Tubercle, not against the Mandibular Fossa

68
Q

Coronal Suture

A

Suture between Frontal and parietal

69
Q

Sphenoparietal

A

Suture between Sphenoid and parietal. Found at position of pterion.

70
Q

Squamosal

A

Suture between squamous and parietal

71
Q

Lambdoidal

A

Cranial suture from parietal to occipital

72
Q

Occipitomastoidal

A

Occipital to mastoid (petrous part of temporal)

73
Q

Metopic Suture

A

Destroyed with age, sutures together sagitally the frontal bone

74
Q

Sagittal suture

A

Between two parietal bones in skull

75
Q

Fontanelles

A

Soft membranous gaps in infants’ head between incomplete sutures in the cranium. Colloquially refered to as “soft spots”

76
Q

Extranumerary bones

A

Seen in skulls when undergoing rapid growth, bony elements along sutures. Also refered to as Incan/Wormian bone

77
Q

Le Fort Classification

A

Maxillary bones (and their neighbors) tend to fracture in set patterns; bilaterally and either horizontally, pyramidally, or transverly.

78
Q

Foramen Magnum

A

Large opening in occipital bone of cranium, spinal cord exits. Medulla oblongata, vertebral arteries, and accessory nerve (CNXI)

79
Q

Plagiocephaly

A

Premature fusion of one side of crania, either coronal or lambdoidal sutures ( flattening of one side of the skull). Flat head syndrome, increased because of SIDS training –> babies being put on their back.

80
Q

Craniosynostosis

A

Deformities resulting from premature closure of cranial sutures. Type of deformity depends on which sutures fuse prematurely. 5-8% of newborns

81
Q

Scaphocephaly

A

Long narrow head resulted from premature fusion of sagittal suture (40-60%)

82
Q

Brachycephaly

A

Premature fusion of coronal suture (20-30%). Another form of “flat head” syndrome. [Note not from lecture: This is frequently a characteristic of Down Syndrome]

83
Q

Trigonocephaly

A

Premature fusion of metopic suture (<10%). Results in triangle shaped forehead as visible from top.

84
Q

Kleeblattschadel/Cloverleaf

A

Premature fusion of coronal, lambdoidal, and sagittal. Extremely rare. Skull appears clover shaped, usually a significant reduction in IQ.

85
Q

Microcephaly

A

Severe reduction in brain size

86
Q

Hydrocephaly

A

abnormal buildup of CSF in the ventricles of the brain –> increase of cranial pressure –> mental disability/death

87
Q

Bregma

A

Coronal suture and sagittal suture intersection

88
Q

Glabella

A

Point where eyebrows come together. Right above naison

89
Q

Nasion

A

Intersection of frontal bone and nasal bones

90
Q

Pterion

A

intersection of the frontal, temporal, sphenoid, and parietal bones, generally along the sphenoparietal suture

91
Q

Lambda

A

The point at the intersection of the sagittal and lambdoidal sutures

92
Q

Anterior Cranial Fossa

A

depression in the floor of the cranial vault which houses the frontal lobes. Formed by frontal bones, cribiform plate of ethmoid, and sphenoid

93
Q

Middle Cranial Fossa

A

Houses temporal lobe of brain.

94
Q

Posterior cranial fossa

A

Houses cerebellum, pons, and medulla

95
Q

Incisive Foramen

A

Nasopalatine Nerve (from CN V2) and Sphenopalatine Vessels

96
Q

Greater and Lesser Foramen

A

Greater and Lesser Palatine Nerve (from CN V2) and Vessels

97
Q

Foramen Ovale

A

Mandibular Nerve (CN V3) and Accessory Meningeal Artery

98
Q

Foramen Spinosum (Base of Cranium)

A

Middle Meningeal Artery and Meningeal Branch of Mandibular Nerve (CN V3)

99
Q

Foramen Lacerum

A

Internal Carotid (Carotid Canal passes through horizontally)

100
Q

Carotid Canal (Base of Cranium)

A

Internal Carotid Artery

101
Q

External Acoustic Meatus (Base of Cranium)

A

Auditory apparatus

102
Q

Stylomastoid Foramen (Base of skull)

A

Facial Nerve (CNVII)

103
Q

Jugular Foramen

A

Inferior Petrosal Sinus becomes Internal Jugular Vein, Glossopharyngeal Nerve (CN IX), Vagus Nerve (CN X), Accessory Nerve (CN XI), and Posterior Meningeal Artery

104
Q

Hypoglossal Canal

A

Located below Condyle. Hypoglossal Nerve passes through

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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