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Anatomy Exam 1 > Superficial Face > Flashcards

Superficial Face Flashcards

1
Q

Primordial Stomodeum

A

Future mouth. Facial structures begin to develop around here at weeks 4-8

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2
Q

Oropharyngeal Membrane

A

covered on the outside by ectoderm and on the inside by endoderm, separates the foregut from the amniotic cavity. The membrane will rupture around the end of the 4th week (26 days) allowing the amniotic fluid to pass into the pharynx

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3
Q

Frontonasal Prominence

A

Single/unpaired. Surrounds ventrolateral part of forebrain. Has a fronal and nasal part (if the name didn’t give it away…). Frontal portion forms the forehead. Nasal portion forms upper part of stomedium and nose.

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4
Q

Maxillary prominence

A

Dual/paired. Produced by the neural crest cells that migrate from the neural fold into the maxillary prominence. Form the lateral boundary of the stomodeum. Move medially to meet the paired prominence from the other side. Give rise to maxillary/palatine shelves.

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5
Q

Mandibular prominence

A

Produced by migration of the neural crest. Forms the caudal boundary of the primitive mouth (stomedium). Gives rise to the mandible and the lower lip

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6
Q

Nasal Placode

A

Nasal sac/pit, give rise to olfactory epithelium

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7
Q

Cleft Lip

A

a fissure or opening—a gap. It is the non-fusion of the body’s natural structures that form before birth. Feeding is distorted because suction cannot be generated

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8
Q

First Pharyngeal Arch

A

First pharyngeal arch developed in fetal life. Between stomodeum and first pharyngeal groove. Eventually evelops into: Muscles of mastication Mylohyoid m Anteior belly of digastric Tensor tympani Tensor veli palatini. Trigeminal nerve is the nerve of the first arch

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9
Q

Second Pharyngeal Arch

A

Eventually develops into muscles of facial expression, Stylohyoid, Posterior belly of digastric, Hyoid bone. Facial nerve is the nerve of the second arch

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10
Q

CNV

A

Trigeminal! Branches into Opthalmic, Maxillary, and Mandibular for innervation of superficial face

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11
Q

Opthalmic Division of CNV

A

Sensory of innervation of the forehead

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12
Q

Supraorbital Nerve

A

branch of opthalamic division of CNV, sensory to lateral forehead and upper eyelid

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13
Q

Supratrochlear Nerve

A

Branch of opthalamic division of CNV, sensory to medial forehead and upper eyelid

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14
Q

Infratrochlear Nerve

A

Branch of opthalamic division of CNV, Sensory to medial part of the eye and root of nose

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15
Q

Maxillary division of CNV

A

Sensory to the skin between the lower eyelid and the upper lip and the skin over the zygomatic bone and nose

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16
Q

Infraorbital Nerve

A

Branch of maxillary division of CNV, comes from below eyeball. Sensory to skin of the lower eyelid, cheek, lateral nose and upper lip, Sensory to skin over the anterior part of temporal fossa.

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17
Q

Mandibular Division of CNV

A

Sensory to the skin over the mandible. Splits to mental nerve, buccal nerve, and auriculotemporal nerve.

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18
Q

Mental Nerve

A

Branch of mandibular division of CNV. Sensory over the skin of chin and lower lip

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19
Q

Buccal Nerve (Long Buccal)

A

Branch of mandibular division of CNV. Sensory to the skin and the oral mucosa of the cheek

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20
Q

Auriculotemporal Nerve

A

Branch of mandibular division of CNV. Sensory to the scalp anterior to the ear and posterior part of the temporal fossa

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21
Q

Great auricular nerve

A

Branch of cervical plexus. Sensory to skin inferior to ear and over parotid gland.

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22
Q

Trigeminal Neuralgia

A

AKA tic douloureux. Disorder of sensory root of CNV. Sudden sharp pain in face, 15-20 minutes. Maxillary nerve usually involved. Cause unknown

23
Q

Muscles of Facial Expression

A

Lie in the superficial fascia Attached partly to the skin. Enable us to move the skin of the face and change our facial expressions. Do not move bones of the face. All muscles of the facial expression are innervated by the facial nerve. There is no distinct deep fascia on the face. Facial lacerations gape widely. Muscles are arranged around the natural openings of the face and act as sphincters.

24
Q

Orbicularis Oculi

A

Sphincter muscle of the orbit. Has an orbital portion and palpebral portion. Produces crows feet – wrinkling of the skin lateral to the orbit.

25
Q

Orbicularis Oculi Orbital

A

Concious eye closure

26
Q

Orbicularis Oculi Palpebral

A

Unconcious eyelid movement

27
Q

Depressor Anguli Oris

A

Trangular muscle. Depresses corners of mouth.

28
Q

Zygomatic Major

A

Extend from the zygomatic bone to the lateral corner of the mouth. act to raise the corner of the mouth and the upper lip (Smiling!) Same fxn as minor, different attachment

29
Q

Zygomatic Minor

A

Extend from the zygomatic bone near orbicularis oculi to the lateral corner of the mouth. act to raise the corner of the mouth and the upper lip (Smiling!) Same fxn as major different attachment

30
Q

Levator labii superioris

A

Descends from the infraorbital margin to the upper lip. Acts to raise the upper lip

31
Q

Levator anguli oris

A

Extends from the maxilla (below the infraorbital foramen) to the corner of the mouth. Raises the corner of the mouth

32
Q

Depressor Labii Inferioris

A

Attached inferiorly to the mandible and superiorly blends with the orbicularis oris muscle. Depresses the lower lip

33
Q

Buccinator

A

Attached to the alveolar processes of the mandible and maxilla and the pterygomandibular raphe. Aids in mastication (but is not a muscle of mastication. Keeps cheek taut so you don’t bite it! Used in whistling.

34
Q

Orbicularis Oris

A

Sphincter muscle of the mouth/oral cavity. Encircles the mouth and forms a prominence of the upper and lower lips. When contractly, mouth is closed. Comprssed tips against lips, holds food during mastication.

35
Q

Platsyma

A

Lies in superficial fascia. Blends with skin above mandible. Depresses mandible and stops neck from wrinkling/folding.

36
Q

Muscles of Scalp

A

Occipitalis and frontalis (Often considered one muscle: occipitofrontalis, connected by epicranial aponeurosis). The two bellies of the muscle are interconnected by a tendinous sheath known as the epicranial aponeurosis No bony attachments Produces a surprised look when contracted

37
Q

Motor Innervation of Superficial Face Muscles

A

Facial Nerve (CNVII), exits parotid and gives off 5 branches: To Zanzibar By Motor Car. Temporal, Zygomatic, Buccal, Marginal Mandibular, Cervical

38
Q

Temporal

A

proceeds superiorly slightly anterior to the ear

39
Q

Zygomatic

A

courses towards the corner of the eye

40
Q

Buccal (Facial)

A

motor to the muscles over the cheek area

41
Q

Mandibular

A

proceeds inferomedially across the mandible

42
Q

Cervical

A

courses below the mandible to supply the platysma

43
Q

Bells Palsy

A

Damage to CNVII or its branches producing paralysis in some or all of the muscles it innervates

44
Q

Facial Artery

A

Usually the 4th branch of the external carotid. crosses the mandible (slightly anterior to the angle) and then follows a sinuous course across the face to the medial angle of the eye. Compression of facial artery - done at the mandible but does not stop bleeding completely because of anastomosis with the facial artery on the other side of the face. Branches to inferior labial, superior labial, and angular arteries.

45
Q

Inferior labial artery

A

Branches from facial artery. Supplies blood to lower lip

46
Q

Superior labial artery

A

Branches from facial artery. Supplies blood to upper lip

47
Q

Angular Artery

A

Terminal part of facial artery. Medial corner of eye.

48
Q

Superficial Temporal Artery

A

One of the terminal Branches of the External Carotid Artery. Branches into 3 to supply face and scalp: transverse facial, parietal, and frontal

49
Q

Transverse Facial Artery

A

Branch of superficial temporal artery. Follows parotid duct transversely across the face

50
Q

Parietal Artery

A

Branch of superficial temporal artery. Supplies lateral part of scalp

51
Q

Frontal Artery

A

Branch of superficial temporal artery. Supplies anterior part of scalp.

52
Q

Facial Vein

A

Begins as angular vein at root of nose. No valves, so reflux of infection in danger area (triangle around nose) is a signifcant risk. Makes connections with the cavernous sinus and the pterygoid plexus of vein

53
Q
A

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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