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Anatomy Exam 1 > Anterior Triangle > Flashcards

Anterior Triangle Flashcards

1
Q

Anterior Cervical Triangle

A

Boundaries: Anterior midline of the neck, inferior border of the mandible, anterior border of SCM. Apex of triangle is jugular notch. Base of triangle is inferior border of mandible.

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2
Q

Roof of triangle

A

Comprised of superficial fascia, platysma, and skin

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3
Q

Subdivisions of the Anterior Triangle

A

Submandibular (Diagastric), Submental, Carotid, and Muscular

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4
Q

Submandibular Triangle

A

Aka Digastric triangle. Superior boundary: Inferior border of mandible. Lateral boundary: Posterior belly of digastric muscle. Medial border: anterior belly of digastric muscle

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5
Q

Digastric muscle

A

Muscle inferior to the jaw with two bellies: anterior and posterior. These two bellies, along with the inferior border of the mandible, form the digastric/submandibular triangle. Act to elevate the hyoid bone.

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6
Q

Digastric Muscle (Anterior belly)

A

Arises from the lower border of the mandible. Forms medial border of submandibular triangle.

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7
Q

Digastric Muscle (Posterior belly)

A

Longer of the two. Arise from mastoid notch near mastoid process. Forms lateral boundary of submandibular triangle.

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8
Q

Floor of submandibular triangle

A

Formed by the mylohyoid and hypoglossal muscles

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9
Q

Contents of the submandibular triangle

A

Submandibular gland, submandibular ganglion, submandibular lymph nodes, hypoglossal nerve, and facial artery/vein

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10
Q

Submandibular Gland

A

Salivary gland

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11
Q

Submandibular ganglion

A

Parasympathetic ganglion located next to the submandibular gland

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12
Q

Submandibular lymph nodes

A

Lie superficial to the submandibular gland

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13
Q

Hypoglossal nerve

A

CNXII

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14
Q

Submental Triangle

A

Located at the anterior midline of the neck above the hyoid bone. Inferior boundary: hyoid bone (base of triangle). Lateral boundaries: anterior bellies of digastric muscle. Floor: mylohyoid muscle.

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15
Q

Hyoid bone

A

Horseshoe shaped bone situated anterior midline of neck between chin and thyroid cartilage. At rest, lies at he level of the base of the mandible.

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16
Q

Mylohyoid muscles

A

Form floor of both submandibular and submental triangles. Rune from mandible to hyoid bone. Join at the midline, forming a raphe (space of 2 muscles intermeshing)

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17
Q

Contents of submental triangle

A

Submental lymph nodes, beginning of anterior jugular veins

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18
Q

Carotid triangle

A

Described as most important triangle. Lies anterior to the superior part of SCM. Infrahyoid muscles do not overlap the carotid arteries. Anterior boundary: superior belly of omohyoid muscle. Superior boundary: Posterior belly of digastric muscle. Lateral boundary: anterior border of SCM.

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19
Q

Contents of carotid triangle

A

Carotid sheath, common carotid artery, internal carotid artery, external carotid artery + branches, internal jugular vein, Vagus Nerve

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20
Q

Carotid sheath

A

Extends from base of neck to base of skull. Contains vagus nerve posteriorly, common carotid/internal carotid arteries medially, and internal jugular vein laterally

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21
Q

Vagus Nerve

A

CN X. Longest cranial nerve. Exits the skull through jugular foramen, enters the carotid sheath. Gives rise to reccurent laryngeal, cardiac branches, superior laryngeal, and contributes to pharyngeal plexus.

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22
Q

Internal Jugular Vein

A

Runs laterally through the carotid sheath. Begins outside skull at eternal surface of jugular foramen as a dilated structure known as the jugular bulb. Descends inferiorly in the carotid sheath. Terminates by joining subclavian vein to form brachiocephalic vein

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23
Q

Common carotid artery

A

Ascend medially through carotid sheath. Terminates at superior border of the thyroid cartilage by dividing to form external and internal carotid arteries. Occulsion can obstruct bloodflow to brain leading to stroke or transient ischemic attack (TIA)

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24
Q

Internal carotid artery

A

After split, ascendes medially through carotid sheath. Provides no branches in the neck. Courses directly superiorly in the carotid sheath to enter skull via carotid canal.

25
Q

External carotid artery

A

Branches from common carotid artery at superior border of thyroid cartilage. Supplies structures outside the skull. Terminates in the parotid gland by bifurcating into superficial temportal and maxillary arteries. Provides following branches to head and neck: superior thyroid, ascending pharyngeal, lingual, facial, occipital, posterior auricular, superficial temporal, maxillary

26
Q

Muscle Triangle

A

Lies posterior to the hyoid bone. Anterior boundary: anterior miline of neck. Lateral boundary: Superior belly of the omohyoid muscle. Inferior boundary: anterior border of the SCM

27
Q

Contents of muscle triangle

A

Thyroid and parathyroid gland (C6 level). Infrahyoid muscles, sternothyroid, sternohyoid, thyrohyoid, omohyoid (both bellies)

28
Q

Right common carotid artery

A

Branch of brachiocephalic trunk

29
Q

Left common carotid artery

A

Direct branch of aorta

30
Q

Checking carotid pulse- When? How?

A

Routinely checked during CPR. Checked at level of thyroid cartilage- deep to anterior border of SCM

31
Q

Carotid sinus

A

Dilated initial segment of internal carotid artery. Located at the bifurcation of interior and external carotid arteries. Innervated by CN IX and X. Acts as a receptor for monitoring arterial blood pressure.

32
Q

Subclavian artery

A

*Right subclavian artery is pictured.* Left subclavian artery differs in that it stems directly from the aorta. Divided into three parts by the anterior scalene muscle. First part of subclavian extends from origin to the medial border to the anterior scalene. Second part lies behind the anterior scalene. Third part extends from lateral margin of anterior scalene to the outer border of the first rib –> becomes the axillary atery.

33
Q

Right subclavian artery

A

Originates from brachiocephlic artery

34
Q

Left subclavian artery

A

Originates from the aorta

35
Q

1st part of subclavian artery

A

Extends from subclavian artery origin (left: origin; right: brachiocephalic artery) to the border of the anterior scalene muscle. Provides the following branches: Vertebral artery, internal thoracic artery, thyrocervical trunk. Thyrocervical trunk branches to transverse cervical artery, suprascapular artery, and inferior thyroid artery.

36
Q

Thyrocervical trunk

A

Branch of 1st part of subclavian artery. Branches further to suprascapular, transverse cervical, ascending cervical, and inferior thyroid arteries

37
Q

Suprascapular artery

A

Branch of thyrocervical trunk

38
Q

Transverse cervical

A

Branch of thyrocervical trunk

39
Q

Ascending cervical

A

Branch of the inferior thyroid artery off of the thyrocervical trunk

40
Q

Inferior thyroid

A

Branch of thyrocervical trunk

41
Q

2nd part of subclavian artery

A

Posterior to the anterior scalene muscle. Gives rise to costocervical trunk

42
Q

Costocervical trunk

A

Branch of 2nd part of subclavian artery. Splits into deep cervical artery and superior intercostal artery

43
Q

Deep cervical artery

A

Branch of costocervical trunk

44
Q

Superintercostal artery

A

Branch of costocervical trunk

45
Q

3rd part of subclavian artery

A

Extends from lateral porder of anterior scalene to the first rib. Gives rise to one branch: dorsal scapular artery

46
Q

Dorsal scapular artery

A

Branch of 3rd part of subclavian artery

47
Q

Anterior Jugular Vein

A

Begins in submental triangle below mandible. Descends along anterior midline of neck. Drains into external jugular vein.

48
Q

Recurrent Laryngeal

A

Branch of vagus nerve

49
Q

Pharyngeal plexus

A

Network of nerve fibers innervating larynx, pharynx, palate. Contributed to by vagus nerve

50
Q

Cardiac branches

A

Cardiac branches of the vagus nerve

51
Q

Superior laryngeal

A

branch of vagus nerve

52
Q

Ansa cervicalis

A

Loop of nerves, part of the cervical plexus. Innervate infrahyoid, including sternothyroid, sternohyoid, and omohyoid. Motor component of the cervical plexus.

53
Q

Hypoglossal Nerve (CN XII)

A

innervates muscle of the tongue

54
Q

Sympathetic trunk

A

Longitudinal strands of autonomic fibers. Begins at level of C1. Courses inferiorly through the neck anterior to the vertebral column and deep to the carotid sheath. Cervical component contains 3 ganglia: Superior Cervical Ganglion, Middle Cervical Ganglion, and Inferior Cervical Ganglion.

55
Q

Superior Cervical Ganglion

A

Largest ganglion in sympathetic chain. At level of C1/C2

56
Q

Middle cervical ganglion

A

Located at level of cricoid cartilage (C6)

57
Q

Inferior cervical ganglion

A

Sometimes fused with first thoracic ganglion (then known as stellate ganglion [pictured]). Located at level of C7 (superior border of first rib)

58
Q

External Jugular Vein

A

receives the greater part of the blood from the exterior of the cranium and the deep parts of the face

59
Q

Subclavian Vein

A

runs from the outer border of the first rib to the medial border ofanterior scalene muscle. From here it joins with the internal jugular vein to form the brachiocephalic vein

Anatomy Exam 1 (8 decks)

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