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UK Government all examples > The Constitution > Flashcards

The Constitution Flashcards

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1
Q

Example of statute law

A

Freedom of information Act 2000

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2
Q

Example of Common law

A

The presumption that a person accused of a crime is innocent until proven guilty

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3
Q

Example of a convention

A

The principle, established since the 2003 Iraq War, that except in an emergency, the government will not order military action without prior parliamentary approval

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4
Q

Example of convention being ignored

A

2018- Theresa May on plans to make Syrian Air Strikes

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5
Q

Example of EU treaty:

A

Maastricht (1992), which transformed the European Community into the European Union.
Lisbon Treaty (2009)

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6
Q

Acts that modernised the House of Lords

A
  • House of Lords Act 1999 (left only 92 hereditary peers)
  • From 2000 a House of Lords Appointments Commission nominated a proportion of peers
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7
Q

Constitutional reforms that have enhanced democracy (3)

A
  • Electoral reform (introduced PR in all devolved assemblies)
  • Recall of the MPs Act 2015 increases accountability
  • The Wright Reforms (2009) redistributed power to backbenchers in the HoC
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8
Q

Reforms that have enhanced rights

A

Human Rights Act (1998)
Freedom of Information Act (2000)
Equality Act (2010)

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9
Q

Act that created the Supreme Court

A

Constitutional Reform Act 2005

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10
Q

Act that further devolved power to Scotland

A

The Scotland Act 2012
The Scotland Act 2016

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11
Q

Scotland tax varying powers

A

In 2016 the ‘Scottish Rate of Income Tax’ was introduced

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12
Q

Acts that devolved power to Wales

A

Referendum in 2011- further devolved powers to the Welsh Assembly
Wales Act 2014
The Wales Act 2017- granted new powers in taxation, energy, and local government.

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13
Q

Acts that devolved powers to Northern Ireland (2)

A
  • The Good Friday Agreement 1998
  • The Cooperation Tax (Northern Ireland) Act 2015 -devolved power to set cooperation tax
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14
Q

The reaction of regional assemblies in England referendum

A

Test opinion in the North East decisively rejected the idea in 2004- 78% voted ‘no’

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15
Q

Example of policy diversion due to devolution (4)

A
  • Scotland’s abolition of uni fees
  • Prescriptions are free in Wales
  • The Welsh Language Measure 2011- seeks to preserve the Welsh language (decreases nationalism)
  • Free nursing care for the elderly in Scotland
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16
Q

English Votes for English Laws used

A

First time in 2016, to pass a housing bill without the involvement of Scottish MPs

17
Q

EVEL Abolished

A

abolished in 2021

18
Q

Devolution not working in Northern Ireland

A

Stormont suspended between 2017-2020

19
Q

Evidence that Wales does not intend to move away from the UK

A

2021 election- 46/60 seats went to the Tories and Labour

20
Q

Evidence that Scotland intend on leaving the UK

A

2022- repetitive calls for a second referendum

21
Q

Evidence that Scotland contrasts in their views compared to the rest of the UK

A

62% voted Remain in Scotland

22
Q

Government trying to repeal HRA 1998

A

Bill of Rights Bill introduced in 2022

23
Q

Rights being eroded in UK (4)

A
  • Police Crime, Sentencing and Courts Act 2022
  • Public Order Act 2023
  • Nationality and Borders Act 2022- ability to deprive British Citizens of their citizenship without notice, e.g Shamima Begum
  • Judicial Review Act 2022; harder to challenge actions of government in court
24
Q

Uncodified constitution allowing for flexibility

A
  • As social attitudes change, laws can easily change
  • e.g Marriage (Same Sex Couples) Act 2013
25
Q

Uncodified and unentrenched constitution needed to clarify the role of government

A
  • Blair able to break cabinet government and run a sofa cabinet
  • Priti Patel was not fired in 2021, after violating ministerial code by bullying civil servant
26
Q

Reforms to the constitution that have already taken place (4)

A
  • House of Lords Act 1999
  • Wright Reforms 2010
  • After Sue Gray’s report- Johnson forced to restructure Number 10
  • Extensions to devolution
27
Q

Example of House of Lords reform since 2010

A

House of Lords Reform Act 2014- (made provisions for member’s resignation)

28
Q

Example of cronyism in House of Lords

A
  • Financier Peter Cruddas gave millions to the Conservative party and was later appointed to the House of Lords in 2021
  • House of Lords Appointment Committee questioned the appointment but couldn’t block it
29
Q

Example of the UK not having legislative gridlock

A
  • Able to pass necessary legislation quickly, e.g Coronavirus Act 2020 and Furlough Scheme

UK Government all examples (7 decks)

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