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UK Government all examples > Prime Minister and the Executive > Flashcards

Prime Minister and the Executive Flashcards

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1
Q

Example of cabinet proposing legislation

A

The Government Digital Service, part of the cabinet office proposed the Digital Economy Act 2023

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2
Q

Example of Cabinet committees

A

National Security Council- considers matters relating to national security

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3
Q

Cabinet proposing budget

A

Chancellor Jeremy Hunt proposed the Spring Budget 2023

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4
Q

Cabinet setting out policy decisions:
2023 Rishi Sunak outlined his 5 key priorities

A
  • Halving inflation
  • Economy growing
  • Debt falling
  • Cutting NHS waiting lists
  • Passing laws to stop small boats
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5
Q

Royal prerogative powers given to the PM being limited

A

-Military action needs parliamentary approval
2018- Parliament authorised Theresa May’s Syrian Air strikes

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6
Q

Example of unsuccessful backbench rebellion

A

2021- Government faced backbench revolt over ‘Plan B’ covid measures

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7
Q

Example of secondary legislation

A

The European Union (Withdrawal) Act 2018 gave Ministers powers to create statutory instruments to deal with legal issues caused Brexit

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8
Q

Cameron parliament defeat-

A

2013- lost Commons vote on Syria action

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9
Q

Example of individual ministerial responsibility

A

2018- Amber Rudd resigned as home secretary because she inadvertently misled parliament over the issue of illegal immigrants

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10
Q

Example of collective ministerial responsibility being suspended

A

2016- Collective responsibility was formally set aside during the EU referendum campaign to allow government ministers to state their views without sanction

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11
Q

Boris Johnson resignations

A

2022- 57 Tory ministers resigned, forced Boris Johnson to resign

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12
Q

Famous example of collective responsibility resignation

A

2003- Robin Cooke resigned as leader of the Commons out of protest against Iraq

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13
Q

Examples of collective responsibility resignations

A

2016- Iain Duncan resigned as Secretary of State for Work and Pensions because unable to accept the gov planned cuts to disability benefits.

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14
Q

Splits in cabinet and undermining collective ministerial responsibility

A

2023- Cabinet split over NHS disputes, over Steve Barclay vs Rishi Sunak and Jeremy Hunt

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15
Q

Individual Ministerial Responsibility not working, with ministers not accepting responsibility:

A

Gavin Williamson in 2020, blamed exam regulator for A-level results chaos, instead of taking responsibility as Secretary of State for Education

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16
Q

Example of PM appointing close ally to cabinet (2)

A
  • Gordon Brown appointed his former personal advisor Ed Balls as Chancellor of the Exchequer
  • Rishi Sunak appointed ally Oliver Dowden as Deputy PM
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17
Q

Example of PM appointing ‘big beast’ to cabinet (2)

A
  • Penny Morduant was made leader of the Commons since september 2022
  • Theresa May appointed Boris Johnson as Foreign Secretary
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18
Q

Example of PM appointing ministers based on ability

A

Appointment of Lord Mandelson as Secretary of State by Gordon Brown

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19
Q

Example of PM appointing political adversaries to cabinet

A

Theresa May appointed Boris Johnson as foreign secretary to silence him

20
Q

Example of PM appointing ministers based on representation

A

Liz Truss’ government most diverse in history: 7/31 were non-white

21
Q

Evidence that Boris Johnson was more presidential in his leadership

A

Exerted unprecedented influence over the treasury

22
Q

Evidence that Boris Johnson was reliant on the support of his ministers

A

2022- Forced out and pressured to resign after scandals, such as Chris Fincher affair, Party Gate and Cost of Living Crisis

23
Q

Prime Minister setting the agenda

A

Liz Truss able to push for her ‘Mini-budget’
BUT multiple U-turns, e.g u-turn on the controversial plans to abolish 45p tax rate

24
Q

Defeats of the PM

A

Theresa May had an unprecedented 33 defeats in the HoC, due to her having a hung parliament

25
Q

PM’s controlling cabinet agenda

A
  • Tony Blair, “sofa cabinet”
  • Thatcher was accused of using the cabinet as a ‘rubber stamp’
26
Q

Theresa May being a weak PM

A

Forced to drop manifesto policies such as increasing the number of grammar schools

27
Q

Make up of Thatcher’s 1979 cabinet

A

mix of “Thatcherites” and “Wets”

28
Q

Make up of Thatcher’s 1979 cabinet

A
  • Thatcher’s cabinet in 1979 contained a mix of “Thatcherites” and “Wets” (One Nation Conservatives)
  • Although at first her cabinet had a deep ideological divide, her later cabinets were overwhelmingly New Right
29
Q

Example of Thatcher taking a presidential style of leadership

A

Used powers of patronage to remove ministers who were critical of her policies, e.g dismissed her deputy foreign minister, Sir Ian Gilmour in 1981

30
Q

First time Thatcher lost a parliamentary vote

A

1986- Shop Bill, issue of Sunday trading

31
Q

Thatcher presidential in foreign policy

A

Initiated the Falklands War in 1982

32
Q

What brought Thatcher down

A

Vote of ‘No confidence’ after unpopular stance on poll tax

33
Q

Patronage being restricted under Cameron

A
  • coalition government, Cameron had to consult Nick Clegg on reshuffles
  • Cabinet committee membership determined by Cameron in consultation with Clegg
34
Q

Cameron maintaining control over cabinet:

A
  • The ‘Quad’ were the top 4 members of the coalition government
  • Role of the Quad was to ‘iron out’ contentious matters prior to cabinet meetings
  • The Quad decided all major matters of policy (e.g the 2013 Budget)
35
Q

Examples of rebellions Blair faced (3)

A
  • Iraq (2003)
  • University top up fees (2003)
  • Foundational Hospitals (2003)
36
Q

Example of an individual with unprecedented power in Blair’s government

A
  • Brown (as chancellor) had influence over welfare and social policies beyond the conventional power a chancellor should have
37
Q

Tony Blair controversial decisions w/o consulting cabinet

A
  • Privatised Bank of England 1998
38
Q

“Downing Street Machine”

A
  • Dominic Cummings instrumental to Covid-19 response
  • “Chief Special advisor”
39
Q

Personalisation of the PM

A

Brexit Deal presented as “Boris’ deal”

40
Q

Example of PM trying to act presidential but failing (2)

A
  • May tried to trigger Article 50, forced to get parliament’s consent
  • Johnson’s unlawful proroguing of Parliament
41
Q

Theresa May side-lining cabinet

A
  • Theresa May appointed David Davis as Brexit Secretary BUT used civil servant as negotiator (undermined DD)
42
Q

Cabinet retaining importance (2)

A
  • Boris Johnson lockdowns- cabinet kept fully informed
  • Rishi Sunak more reliant on cabinet
43
Q

Cabinet minister having influence

A

Jeremy Hunt as Chancellor of Exchequer- qualified and influential in Spring Budget

44
Q

PM using statutory instruments

A

2016- statutory instruments used to abolish maintenance grants for university students

45
Q

Gov test and trace

A

Failure- cost £37 billion

46
Q

Cost of Truss’ mini budget

A

Failure cost £35 billion

UK Government all examples (7 decks)

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