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Parliament Flashcards

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1
Q

Repeal of the Fixed Term Parliament Act

A

-Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022
Made the maximum term of a Parliament 5 years

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2
Q

Examples of backbench rebels being suspended

A

2019- Chief Whip suspended 21 Conservative MPs after they rebelled against Boris Johnson in a bid to prevent a no-deal Brexit

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3
Q

Example of governments using the argument of ‘overriding necessity to push through legislation’

A

-2005 Prevention of Terrorism Act (passed in 18 days)
-2020 Coronavirus Act (passed in 4 days)

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4
Q

Example of Select Committees holding politicians to account (2)

A

2022- Suella Braverman questioned in Home Affairs Select Committee over asylum and policing policies

2023- Privileges committee investigating Boris Johnson

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5
Q

Example of Select Committees FAILING in holding politicians to account (2)

A

2010- George Osborne evaded questioning from the Treasury Committee on budget cuts

2021- Joint Committee on Human Rights attempted to hold the government to account on the Police Crime Sentencing and Courts Act yet still passed in 2022

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6
Q

Examples of parliamentary debates defeating government

A

2013- HoC debate wherein Cameron defeated on its proposal to undertake military action in Syria

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7
Q

Example of a minister being awarded peerage

A

2008- Gordon Brown recalled Peter Mandelson from the European Commission, appointing him to the Lords so he could serve as business secretary

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8
Q

Example of MPs representing constituents local interests

A

2016- 44 MPs who voted against High Speed Rail link (HS2), represented constituencies that would be affected by the planned route

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9
Q

Minority government requiring confidence and supply agreement

A

2017-Conservatives won 317 seats, needed 8 more seats for a majority and made an agreement with the DUP

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10
Q

Parliament Act 1911

A
  • Sets out that the Lords have no right to delay money bills
  • Lord’s power to veto non-financial bill to be replaced by the power of delay
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11
Q

Parliament Act 1949

A

REDUCED the Lords’ delaying power to 1 year

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12
Q

Salisbury convention 1945

A

House of Lords does not delay or block legislation that was included in a government’s manifesto

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13
Q

Party breakdown of House of Lords

A

Conservative: 260
Labour: 173
Cross-bench: 184

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14
Q

Example of parliamentary ping-pong

A

Brexit- the EU withdrawal Bill suffered 15 defeats in the Lords

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15
Q

Example of government defeat in the House of Lords

A

2023- National Security Bill was defeated in the Lords

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16
Q

Number of defeats that the Conservative majority government has had in the HoC

A

Since 2019- 4 defeats

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17
Q

Number of defeats Conservatives have had in the HoL

A

128 defeats in 2021-2022

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18
Q

Example of government reversing House of Lords defeat

A

Police Crime Sentencing and Courts bill suffered 14 defeats in the HoL BUT still passed

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19
Q

Increasing influence of Backbench MPs

A

Creation of the Backbench Business Committee in 2010, -allowed to choose the topic of debate for 35 days in each parliamentary session

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20
Q

Example of Parliament Act being used

A
  • Banning Hunting with Dogs 2004
  • Equalising the age of consent 2000
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21
Q

Example of Crossbench Lord influence

A

Lord Owen was influential in opposing the Health and Social Care Bill in 2011

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22
Q

Number of Theresa May defeats (2017-2019)

A

33 HoC defeats

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23
Q

MPs holding the PM to account resignation

A

Boris Johnson Vote of no confidence, although won with 59% majority resigned due to cabinet minister and MP pressure. (57 MPs resigned)

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24
Q

Opposition holding ministers to account

A

2018- David Lammy using an ‘urgent question’ to hold Amber Rudd to account over Windrush

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25
Q

Composition of the House of Lords in 2022 diversity

A
  • 229 female peers
  • 55 ethnic minorities
26
Q

Attempted reforms of the House of Lords BUT failed

A

White Paper (2007)- proposed a hybrid house (i.e. 50% elected, 50% appointed)

27
Q

Backbench rebellion (Brexit)

A

2019- Brexit deal defeated with a majority of 230

28
Q

House of Lords proposing amendments to legislation

A

KEY ALTERATION: Health and Social Care Bill (2022)

29
Q

Number of statutory instruments per year

A

3,500

30
Q

Example of secondary legislation being used in politically significant areas

A

EU Withdrawals Act (2018)- gave ministers powers to create statutory instruments related to Brexit

31
Q

Problem with private members bills’- can lead to ‘filibustering’

A

2016- MP Davies and a small number of Tory backbenchers talked for over 4 hours about a bill regarding departing foreigners to prevent discussion of a bill to reverse private sector takeover of the NHS

32
Q

Example of a private members bill

A

2019- Organ Donation Act

33
Q

What type of legislature is the UK parliament(based on Philip Norton’s threefold classification of legislatures)

A

Policy Influencing Legislatures- modify or reject legislative proposals from the executive but are unable to develop extensive legislative proposals of their own

34
Q

No. of urgent questions:

A

2021-22 104

35
Q

How many emergency debates in 2017-19

A

22, 9 related to Brexit

36
Q

Example of effectiveness of Backbench Business Committee ‘11

A

2011- release of documents for Hillsborough disaster 1989

37
Q

How many e-petitions debated in parliament from 2017-19

A

74

38
Q

2019 Audit of Political Engagement

A

Only 25% of the public had confidence in MPs handling with Brexit (parliamentary scrutiny)

39
Q

Evidence of backbenchers having limited power to initiate change

A

since 2015 Christopher Chope has introduced 119 PMBs of which none have become law.

40
Q

Example of Backbencher having substantial influence

A

Theresa May able to persuade government to incorporate 10 minute rule

41
Q

Evidence of Backbench Business committee influence

A

Backbench debate was held on 2 Child limit for universal credit- a key government policy (2022)

42
Q

Example of Partygate PMQ

A
  • Diana Johnson PMQ over Partygate 2022
43
Q

Select committee influence 2010-2015

A
  • Margaret Hodge stated that as Chair of Public Accounts Select Committee
    “More influential than in the role than a government minister”
44
Q

Select committee influence over policy

A
  • 40% of recommendations are accepted into government policy
  • Environment Select Committee recommended 5p plastic bag policy
45
Q

Wright Reforms 2010 increasing influence of Select committees

A
  • Whips no longer take part in choosing ministers of select committees, more independent minded MPs
46
Q

Counter argument for influence of select committees

A
  • Government still has a majority in these committees
  • Select committees have become theatrical, e.g. Murdoch at the Culture Select Committee in 2011
47
Q

MPs who haven’t voted against their party

A

Since 2019, 321 MPs have never voted against their own party

48
Q

More Assertive backbench covid passports

A

99 Tories rebelled against government over Covid passports

49
Q

PMQs backbenchers asking difficult questions and pressuring government

A

2022- David Davis pressured BoJo to resign stating “In the name of God, go”

50
Q

1922 Committee influence

A

Responsible for triggering a leadership contest after 55 letters were submitted

51
Q

Backbench grouping influence example

A

The European Research Group challenged Theresa May

52
Q

Example of Backbench Business Committee debate

A

2023- held a debate on the future of the NHS, funding and staffing

53
Q

Select committee success

A

Amber Rudd had to resign as Home Secretary when Select Committee found that she misinformed parliament

54
Q

Example of Select committee being ignored

A

2021- government effectively ignored Work and Pension select committee’s Universal Credit Report

55
Q

Influence of the opposition on the legislative process

A

2021- Opposition Day motion cancelled government plan of £20 a week cut in Universal credit

56
Q

Yvette Cooper select committee role

A
  • Chair of Home Affair Select Committee- inquiries on Windrush Children and “Policing for future”
57
Q

House of Lords Select Committee stats

A

2016- 17 session HoL Select Committees produced 41 reports including topics such as Brexit

58
Q

House of Lords Select committee recommendation being accepted

A
  • Planned gov. banned on premiership clubs from advertising betting after HoL Gambling Industry Committee recommended in 2021
59
Q

Example of Select committees being filled by Loyalists

A
  • Sarah Wollaston MP wasn’t allowed to be on Health and Social Care Act committee
60
Q

Dissolution and Calling of Parliament Act 2022 increasing PM control

A
  • Transferred control over calling of general elections from HoC to PM
61
Q

House of Commons women

A

35%

62
Q

House of Commons BME

A

13% BME in UK but only 66 (10%) in HoC

UK Government all examples (7 decks)

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