the concept of a hazard in a geographical context Flashcards
what is a natural hazard
an event that’s a potential threat to human life or activity caused by a natural process
name 3 types of natural hazards
geophysical hazards: caused by land process
atmospheric hazards: caused by climatic processes
hydrological processes: caused by water movement
what is a disaster
a hazards that seriously affects humans
what is risk
The likelihood that humans will be seriously affected by a hazard
what is vunerability
how susceptible a population is to the damage caused by a hazard
name 5 factors affecting hazard perception
wealth: the wealthy are more likely to be able to afford safety precautions
religion: some people view hazards as acts of god
education: gives people a better understanding of hazards
past experience:
personality: some are naturally more fearful
name 6 types of responses to hazards
fatalism: accepting that the hazard cant be avoided and doing little/nothing
prediction: predicting the occurrence to prepare for the impact
adaption: making changes in order to reduce the impacts/risk
mitigation: attempt to reduce the impacts with adaption and prediction
management: coordinated response, typically by government
risk sharing: coordinated national and international responses to improve mitigation
what is the park model
the disaster response curve. Its aim is to show the effects of a hazard on quality of life over a sequence of time
what are the 5 phases of the park model
pre disaster: before the event
disruption: during and directly after the event
relief: event aftermath- rescue
rehabilitation: after control is maintained- focus on long term problems
reconstruction: a return to a higher, lower or the same standard of living
what is the hazard management cycle
a disaster cycle showing the ongoing and adapting responses to disasters by emergency managers/government bodies
what are the 4 stages of the hazard management cycle
mitigation: minimise impacts of future disasters
preparedness: planning how to respond to a future hazard
response: how people react to the disaster immediately after
recovery: getting the effected area back to normal
what 5 factors can influence the effectiveness of hazard responses
hazard incidence: how often
hazard magnitude: the measurement
hazard intensity: how destructive
distribution: the amount of area affected
level of development: the county’s level of development
