coast case studies Flashcards
5 distinctive landforms at Holderness
- headlands: Flamborough head-stacks, caves, arches, wave cut platforms
- beaches: south Flamborough head
- sand dunes: around spurn head
- slumping cliffs; around Atwick Sands
- spit: Spurn head at Humber estuary
7 characteristics of the Sundarbans region
-located in southwest Bangladesh and east India on the bay of Bengal
- part of the largest mangrove forest in the world
- UNESCO World Heritage Natural Site
- flat and low-lying
- intersected by many channels with sandy islands
- home to rare species: Irrawaddy dolphin
- a coastal system in dynamic equilibrium as material is deposited allowing the mangroves to grow and it is also eroded by the sea causing the sediment store to remain roughly constant
- home to 4 million
4 opportunities in the sundarbans
-natural products: fertile land ideal for crops, rice
rich ecosystem-nipa palm leaves, crabs, honey, fish
timber for construction
-services; natural defences against flooding
mangroves absorb access and acts as a barrier against rough sea
-development; tourism-wildlife
since 2011 cargo ships transporting goods have been using the waterways
-powerplant to provide energy for those in the region
6 risks in the sundarbans
- lack of fresh water
- growing population=growing demands for food, space
- flooding leads to salinization making it harder to grow crops
- home to dangerous animals-tigers, sharks, crocodiles
- lack of employment and income opportunities
- access is difficult
5 developments in the Sundarbans which are reducing risks
- public health engineering department is increasing access to clean water-improve quality of life/health
- better roads and bridges to improve access-this can cause deforestation
- mains electricity extended to more areas and increasing the use of solar panels- improves flood warnings
- increase food security - Rural Initiatives and Participatory Agricultural Transformation” (RIPAT) concept by SUG - seniors without borders
-NGOS offer training of sustainable hunting and farming
SUG:
1) Group formation/management;
2) Capacity building in development methods of food production;
3) Training in conducting relevant advocacy, both technically and politically.
3 ways people are mitigating against risks in the Sundarbans
-3500km of embankments built to prevent flooding-they are gradually eroded
- projects to protect the mangroves- hard to stop illegal deforestation
- Management of the Sundarbans Mangrove Forests for Biodiversity Conservation and Increased Adaptation to Climate Change project
- The Integrated Coastal Zone Management (ICZM) Project is working in West Bengal to protect the coastline from erosion and pollution while improving coastal residents’ livelihoods.(WHO)
-funding for cyclone shelters and early warning systems- people may not have transport to evacuate
4 ways people adapt to the risks in the Sundarbans
- salt resistant rice grown to withstand floods-the sole use of these crops reduces biodiversity and increases pest vulnerability
- projects to increase tourism to provide jobs and income- if not managed properly this can cause environmental damage
- building houses on stilts
- sustainable adaptions- promoting ecotourism and non intensive farming practices to keep the area useable for future generations