The Coming of the Europeans pt.2 Flashcards

Question

In _______ Cadiz once again became the main trading port in Spain

Answer 1

1516, trapiche

Answer 2

mining industry, sugar industry, cattle ranching and leather industry, Tobacco and farming industries

Answer 3

they lived in a hierarchical society where everyone was subordinate to some superior. For example, serfs to masters, commoners to lords, lords to princes, princes to the Pope in Rome and everywhere, women to men. Women were believed to be weak, inferior beings who were unable to resist temptation, whose lives had to be controlled as a result. Large sections of the population, particularly women, were illiterate. Books could only be afforded by the very rich among those who were literate. Land communications were poor everywhere. It took a lot of days to travel from place to place by road. The oceans were thought of as barriers and considered by many to be unnavigable. The educated minority were all clerics or pupils of clerics. In many countries the 'King's Peace' was becoming a reality where the rights of property were enforced and evildoers were restrained. Punishments for those found guilty of crimes were ferocious and intended to set an awful example. No one living in Europe thought of themselves as Europeans. They all thought of themselves as Christians living in Christendom.

Answer 4

It was all-pervasive, and God's will was held to be enough to explain all that happened. The service of God was considered to be the sole legitimate purpose of all human enterprise. Laymen and clergy alike took it for granted that the Church held the custody of unique truths. Most men believed that Jerusalem was at the center of the earth, that the earth was at the center of the universe, and that the Sun revolved around the earth. The devil was the personification of evil, waiting to seize non-believers, and other forms of belief outside the Church were regarded as being sinful. Everyone acknowledged the supremacy of the Pope. Much of the economic life of Europe all came within the scope of this all pervasive religion. Men's lives were defined by it as the Church recorded and authenticated the various stages of their existence. The Ottoman Turks captured Istanbul and becme the last non- European people before the 20th century to throw Europe on the defensive. The Turks were Muslims and their entry into Europe was part of a new Islamic surge of conquest. The whole of Spain returned to Christendom in 1492. All the Jews in Spain who refused to convert to Christianity were expelled.

Answer 5

European interest in Asia developed during the 13th century. Marco Polo is believed to have visited China several times between 1271 and 1295. Such travellers helped Venice become an important center for trade which developed between Europe and the East for the next 200 years. The silks, spices, cotton and other goods which were then sold in Venice, because they were brought overland in Arab caravans, and passed through the hands of so many middlemen, were very expensive. As Europe then produced very little of what was wanted by the Arabs, payment for them had to be made in gold. As the only known source of gold was in the Niger region of West Africa, this too had to pass through Arab hands in North Africa before reaching Europe.

Answer 6

1415, Ceuta

Answer 7

Prince Henry/Dom Enrique

Answer 8

at a castle at Sagres on Cape St. Vincent

Answer 9

the colonization of Madeira as a sugar producing island in 1421

Answer 10

to cut off Islam's source of gold from South of the Sahara

Answer 11

Advances. Add in ship design