Coming of the Europeans pt.1 Flashcards

Question

Pope Nicholas V, in the mid 15th century issued a Papal Bull known as ________________________ which praised the King of Portugal and authorized him to convert all the pagans between Morocco and India.

Answer 1

Charter of Portuguese Imperialism

Answer 2

Pope Alexander VI

Answer 3

They gave Portugal a trading monopoly in all territories between Africa and the Indies They awarded Spain possession of all lands discovered by Spanish explorers

Answer 4

it was an agreement intended to resolve a dispute between Portugal and Spain caused by The Papal Bulls. The Treaty defined which parts of the world each could conquer

Answer 5

a private individual who owned and officered an armed ship commissioned by the government and authorized for use in war, especially in the capture of enemy merchant shipping vessels.

Answer 6

Treaty of Cateau Cambresis

Answer 7

In 1572, Drake raided a land convoy of mules loaded with Peruvian silver and every sailor went home a rich man. Between 1585 and 1586 Drake stole more than 300000 pounds in booty from Spanish ships and towns. His last trip between 1595 and 1596 failed. With a fleet of 27 ships he tried to attack San Juan, Puerto Rico and was forced to retreat losing 12 of his ships. he eventually died from dysentery and his fleet returned to England with no profits.

Answer 8

buccaneers

Answer 9

He became commander of buccaneers in 1668. Morgan captured the town Puerto Principe in Cuba and sacked the city of Portobelo on the isthmus of Panama. In his last raid of August 1670, with 36 ships and nearly 2,000 buccaneers he set out to capture Panama, defeating a large Spanish force in 1671. The city burned to the ground while his men looted it and on the return journey Morgan deserted his men and disappeared with most of the booty.

Answer 10

The peace between England and Spain did not last and in 1674 King Charles II knighted Morgan and appointed him as the Deputy Governor of Jamaica. He used England's conflicts to enrich himself then lived out his days as a rich planter in Jamaica

Answer 11

April 1672

Answer 12

St. Kitts - 1623 Barbados - 1625 Nevis - 1628 Antigua - 1632

Answer 13

The Europeans brought with them microbes to which they were immune but which were deadly to the Amerindians. Over two centuries, after Columbus's arrival, deadly diseases wiped out the majority of the Indigenous population. The microbes affected the Amerindians but not the Europeans for many reasons, one was time. The Europeans had a long history of animal farming which allowed them to develop resistance to diseases. For example, people who had had cowpox became immune to smallpox. Some diseases which evolved from the microbes in animals are flu, typhus, tuberculosis, malaria, plague, measles, influenza, smallpox and cholera. The invading Europeans were not killed on a similarly large scale by new World diseases because the New World inhabitants over the succeeding generations probably lost the immunities that they may have had when they first entered the continent thousands of years before. Also, they had wiped all the species which might have been domesticated so no new diseases evolved there from contact between animals and humans. If it weren't for this, the conquistadores could not have so easily conquered these civilisations.

Answer 14

Britain, France and the Netherlands

Answer 15

diseases and the heavy labor they endured when they were enslaved

Answer 16

Genocide- Indigenous populations were decreased under Spanish rule and only minority groups existed throughout the Caribbean region Forced labor or new systems of enslavement were introduced such as: The Repartamiento system - a percentage of the Indigenous male population between the ages of 18 and 60 was recruited to work for a Spaniard for a week for pay. However, they were hardly ever paid. and The Encomienda system - smaller groups of Indigenous people were allocated to a few privileged Spaniards known as Encomenderos. The encomendero was given a parcel of land with the right to exact tribute from the Indigenous people living on the land. In return he was expected to convert them to Christianity and protect them. New types of diseases were introduced - Indigenous peoples were not immune to diseases such as smallpox and chickenpox Families were broken up - Adult males were moved from place to place by the Spaniards. Kalinago males were killed in wars with the Spaniards. Indigenous agricultural systems were destroyed - The production of crops by Indigenous peoples was affected. The Spanish brought animals which trampled the fields. Often, these animals were placed to graze on the agricultural fields of the Indigenous people. Infanticide was carried out - Many parents preferred to kill their babies because they did not want them to grow up under such conditions. Taino women were sexually exploited The Indigenous peoples lost their land and their sovereignty There were changes in Indigenous religious practices due to the forced conversion to Christianity. There was a breakdown of Amerindian culture as the Tainos and Kalinagos had to conform to European way of life.

Answer 17

When Columbus was faced with threats from his own men, he gave them land grants which included the forced labor of the Amerindians.

Answer 18

coconut trees, oranges, mangoes, bananas and sugarcane

Answer 19

to use native labor to search for precious metals and to establish plantations because he described the soil as being fertile

Answer 20

Hispaniola

Answer 21

diseases, late 1570s