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College American History > The Cold War- Civil Rights Movement > Flashcards

The Cold War- Civil Rights Movement Flashcards

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1
Q

What Happened in the Yalta Conference? STALIN CHURCHILL AND ROOSEVELT

A
  1. Agree to divide Germany into four zones occupied by the French, British, USA and the Soviet Union
  2. Stalin promised to give Eastern European countries free elections after the war
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2
Q

What was established in place of the League of Nations?

A

The United Nations

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3
Q

What was the Soviet Unions post war goal?

A

To shield itself from another invasion from the west and to spread communism. And wanted to use Eastern Europe as the shield or buffer wall of protection

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4
Q

What was the major goal of the USA?

A

To spread democracy

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5
Q

What happens in the Potsdam Conference?

A
  1. Stalin said he was not going to allow free elections in Eastern Europe
  2. He declared that communism and capitalism could not exist in the same world (* The Cold War began)
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6
Q

What two German states did the Soviet Union not give up?

A

Federal Republic of Germany- West Germany

German Democratic Republic- East Germany

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7
Q

What was the Cold War?

A

A struggle over political difference/ideologies carried on by means short of military action or war. * Struggle to see if the political ideas of democracy or communism would rule the world

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8
Q

What was the US foreign policy?

A

Containment- blocking and stopping the spreading of communism and spreading of democracy

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9
Q

What was the Truman Doctrine?

A

Gave US aid and support to any country that resisted and rejected communism (Turkey and Greece)

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10
Q

What was the Marshall Plan?

A

Assistance aid program to rebuild Western Europe after the war ($12.5 billion) the only requirement was to stay away from communism (named after Secretary of State Georgia Marshall)
The USA offered to do the same for the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe but the Soviets refused

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11
Q

What was the Berlin Airlift?

A

The first conflict in the Cold War
Soviet demanded Berlin, because it was in the Soviet sector.
They set up a blockade around West Berlin! (Island of Democracy)
Western Berlin faced starvation
Next 11 months the Americans and British airlifted food and supplies in to the people of WB- Soviets gave up and lifted the blockade in 1949

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12
Q

What were the two rival alliances formed during the Cold War?

A
  1. NATO (North Atlantic Treaty Organization) led by the USA, Canada and Western Europe
  2. Warsaw Pact led by the Soviet Union and Eastern Europe
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13
Q

What countries didn’t join the alliance?

A

China and India

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14
Q

What are the two bombs developed in the Cold War during the Nuclear Age?

A

H-Bombs (Hydrogen) developed that were thousand of times more powerful than A- Bombs

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15
Q

What was Brinkmanship?

A

Willingness to go to the brink, or edge of war created huge tension between the two superpowers. For the next 40 years there was an arms race (build up of nuclear weapons)

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16
Q

How long was the Berlin Wall and what did Winston Churchill call it?

A

87 miles long

Iron Curtain

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17
Q

What was the Bay of Pigs?

A

CIA trained Cuban exiles to invade Cuba
It failed miserably
Cuba turned to the Soviet Union for protection

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18
Q

What was the Cuban Missile Crisis?

A

USA set up a blockade of the Island
US reconnaissance plane shot down
Rudolf Anderson - pilot and only casualty in incident

CLOSEST WE EVER CAME TO NUCLEAR WAR

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19
Q

Who did France control during Imperialism?

A

All of Indochina, Vietnam, Laos and Cambodia.

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20
Q

Who did the communists and Ho Chi Minh revolt against?

A 
The French( French Indochina War)
The revolt was crushed and he had to flee in exile
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21
Q

When did Japan seize and take over Vietnam?

A

1941

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22
Q

What did Ho Chin Minh fight to do during the war?

A

To drive out the Japanese

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23
Q

What group did Ho Chin Minh form, and what was the goal?

A

Vietminh Independence league and to get independence from France

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24
Q

Who did USA support during the Vietnam War?

A

France- Democracy

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25
Q

Who did the Soviet Union support during the Vietnam War?

A

Th Communists

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26
Q

Who wins the war in 1954?

A

The communists

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27
Q

Why was USA greatly concerned during the Vietnam War? (Domino Theory)

A

They feared the rest of Southeast Asia would fall like dominoes to the communists.

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28
Q

What did the USA convince the UN to do?

A

To divide Vietnam into two parts (17 degrees north latitude) ( north and south) - have free elections

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29
Q

Who was South Vietnam’s Democratic Government led by?

A

Ngo Dinh Diem

Brutal dictator

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30
Q

What was Vietcong?

A

Communist guerillas led opposition to Diem backed by the peasants they looked to take over South Vietnam

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31
Q

What happens in the 1964 Tonkin Incident?

A

Congresses authorizes President Lyndon Johnson to send in troops
Vietnam War begins for the USA

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32
Q

By 1968 over__________ US troops fighting in Vietnam?

A

Half a million

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33
Q

What problems did the US Army face?

A

Fighting a guerilla war in unfamiliar territory

The South Vietnamese government was very unpopular

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34
Q

What was the US tactic to win the Vietnam War?

A

Search and Destroy

35
Q

What was problem as with the US tactic? So what did they do? What was it known as? Lastly, the result?

A

Could not find the enemy because of the underground tunnel the Vietnamese dug
They turned to air power (bombing) “Operation Rolling Thunder”
Created mor peasant opposition and the war eventually b came unpopular in the USA and it was the first televised war

36
Q

What was the youth driven counterculture known as?

A

Hippies- flower children

37
Q

Who was the anti war and anti government protest movement led by?

A

College students

38
Q

What were the anti war and pro war sides known as?

A

Doves- anti war and Hawks- pro war

39
Q

In 1969 President Richard Nixon pressured into a new plan called Vietnamization, what was it?

A

A gradual pull out of US troops replaced by South Vietnamese troops

40
Q

What happened in the 1970 Kent State Protests?

A

4 college students were killed

41
Q

What happened in the 1973 Paris Accords?

A

All US troops are pulled out and South Vietnam keeps independence

42
Q

What happened when the North reneged in 1975?

A

South Vietnam fell to the communists

43
Q

What were the results of the Vietnam War?

A

58,000 US troops died
2 million Vietnamese died
Only war in US history that we lost

44
Q

What happened to Cambodia in 1975-1979?

A

It was taken over by the communists (Khmer Rouge) led by Pol Pot
Killed over 1.5 million people!

45
Q

What was the Civil Rights Movement?

A

A hundred year struggle for FREEDOM for African Americans
The goal of the movement was freedom from discrimination, equal opportunity in employment, education and housing the right to vote

46
Q

What was the Dred Scott Supreme Court Decision?

A

Over territory where a free slave lived free state

No rights which a white man was bound to respect

47
Q

When did the Civil War end?

A

1965

48
Q

What did the 13th amendment do?

A

Abolish slavery

49
Q

What did the 14th amendment do?

A

Granted citizenship to Blacks

50
Q

What did the 15th amendment do?

A

Gave blacks the right to vote

51
Q

When and what was the reconstruction period?

A

1865-1877
Whites took back control of the south- blacks relegated to 2nd class citizens
Blacks were not totally freed!

52
Q

What did Discrimination and Intimidation keep blacks from doing?

A

Couldn’t vote through poll taxes, literacy tests and intimidation by the KKK

53
Q

What were the Jim Crow Laws?

A

Segregation laws

54
Q

What did the Plessey vs. Ferguson Supreme Court ruling establish?

A

Separate but equal

Made segregation legal

55
Q

Who was Booker T Washington?

A

Believed in gradual equality for blacks through education and founded the Tuskegee school- education

56
Q

Who was W.E.B Du Bois?

A

He demanded immediate equality and he established the NAACP (National Association for the Advancement of Colored People)

57
Q

Who was Marcus Garvey?

A

Back to Africa Movement- be proud of your race

58
Q

What was the Harlem Renaissance? 1920s-1930s

A

A new negro movement
An African American culture movement that stressed art, poetry, theater and music- promoted black pride and started in Harlem NYC in the 1940s

59
Q

How many blacks served in WWll?

A

Over a million

60
Q

What did blacks demand after the war?

A

Rights and better pay

61
Q

Who was Phillip Randolph?

A

He started the natural negro conference and worked toward civil rights legislation

62
Q

Which president integrated the Military?

A

President Harry S Truman

63
Q

During the 1950s there was a movement of young people

A

——

64
Q

Who was Thurgood Marshall?

A

Lawyer in the Brown vs Board of Education case and he went on the become the first African American Supreme Court justice

He challenged separar but equal and ended segregation in schools
Integration became the law

65
Q

What was the Montgomery Bus Boycott?

A

Rosa Parks refused to sit in the back of the bus (first challenge to Jim Crow laws)

66
Q

What was the Little Rock 9? (Little Rock Arkansas) 1957

A

First 9 blacks students to integrate into high school

Protected by the 101st airborne

67
Q

Who was ruby bridges?

A

The first black student to be integrated into elementary school in 1960

68
Q

Who was Martin Luther King Jr?

A

The main leader of the Civil Rights Movement

69
Q

What was the Civl Rights Movement?

A

A nonviolent movement who’s goal was to get civil rights for blacks- based on Mohammad Gandhis movement in India

70
Q

What was the SNCC?

A

Student Nonviolent Coordinating Committee
The students staged protests in the form of sit INE, freedom riders and marches
Many were jailed beaten or killed

71
Q

In the 1960s who were the freedom riders?

A

Fought segregation on public transportation

72
Q

What was the March on Washington in 1963?

A

Martin Luther’s I have a dream speech

73
Q

What was the watershed event of the movement?

A

I have a dream

74
Q

Who endorses the new Civil Rights legislation?

A

JFK

75
Q

Who gets the civil rights act of 1964 passed? And what did it do?

A

President Lyndon Johnson

Outlawed discrimination and segregation based on race

76
Q

What was freedom summer?

A

In 1964 there was an attempt to get African Americans to register to vote

77
Q

What was Bloody Sunday? What is the result? And what is the voting rights act?

A

1965 there was a peaceful march that was attacked by police in Selma, Alabama
It was seen on TV
Voting Rights Act of 1965 was passed
Outlawed poll taxes and literacy tests

78
Q

Who was Malcolm X? (Malcom Little)

A

Leader of the Nation of Islam
Critic of the nonviolent movement
Preached that bloodshed/revolution was necessary to gain black equality
Later was assassinated by the Nation of Islam

79
Q

Who was the leader of the Black Power/Black Panther Movement?

A

Stockley Carmichael who promoted violence as well

80
Q

When was MLKJ assassinated and by who?

A

In 1968 in Memphis, Tennessee by James Earl Jones

81
Q

What was the result of MLKJ, Malcolm X and Stockley Carmichael’s death?

A

The USA was racked by some of the worst race riots in American history
Between 1965-1970 many US cities burned (LA, Detroit, NYC,etc)

82
Q

Why is the Civil Rights Movement Important?

A

It established the idea that discrimination was unjust and would no longer be tolerated

It finally brought us closer to the principles that our nation was founded on, that “All men are created equal”

83
Q

When did the civil rights movement end?

A

It is still ongoing today

College American History (7 decks)

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