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College American History > Dunkirk-Holocaust > Flashcards

Dunkirk-Holocaust Flashcards

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1
Q

What was the miracle at Dunkirk?

A

An amphibious operation that miraculously rescued the British and French armies

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2
Q

The French government was in exiled and led by?

A

Charles de Gaulle

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3
Q

By the summer of 1940 Germany had conquered all of Europe except for….?

A

Great Britain (island)

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4
Q

What happened in the Battle of Britain?

A

Hitler plans to invade and conquer Britain

But he must control the sky first

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5
Q

What was the Luftwaffe?

A

German Air Force bombers that attacked Britain day and night

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6
Q

What was Hitlers target in Battle of Britain or Operation Sea Lion

A

The communication centers and airfields and the RAF

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7
Q

What was the RAF

A

The British Royal Air Force

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8
Q

Who were the British led by?

A

Prime minister Winston Churchill

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9
Q

What was Winston Churchill’s quote?

A

We shall never surrender

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10
Q

What was Hitlers huge mistake? And what did it do?

A

He changed his target to attacking civilian population (cities).
It gave RAF time to recover

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11
Q

What was the Blitz? And what was it’s purpose? What happened as a result of that?

A

London attacked for 57 consecutive days/nights

The purpose was to destroy the people’s will to fight motivational posters

It backfired and made them even more determined to resist

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12
Q

What new British invention turns the tide of the war?

A

RADAR

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13
Q

What were the results of the radar and Britain win?

A

Early turning point of the war and it’s the first time Hitler lost
People of Europe realize that Hitler is not unbeatable and it boosted morale

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14
Q

What was the battle of the Atlantic known as?

A

The lifeline of Great Britain

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15
Q

Who was the Battle of the Atlantic between?

A

USA and Great Britain

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16
Q

What was vital for Great Britain’s survival (supplies/equipment)

A

The Atlantic Ocean

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17
Q

What were the two sides in the war?

A

Allied Powers- GB,France and the Soviet Union

Axis Powers- Germany, Italy and Japan

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18
Q

The USA helps the allied powers and they were neutral

A

They stayed out of European affairs due to isolationism

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19
Q

What was the cash and carry program?

A

1939-1940 USA assisted GB by giving them supplies

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20
Q

What was the lend lease program of 1941?

A

The USA could lend or lease arms or other supplies to any country and it was “vital to the defense of the USA”

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21
Q

What 3 countries got aid through the lend lease program?

A

Great Britain, China and the Soviet Union

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22
Q

What was Operation Barbarossa?

A

Invasion of the Soviet Union in June 1941 on the Eastern front

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23
Q

Why did Hitler want the Soviet Union?

A
  1. Lebensraum (living species) for German people
  2. Largest population of Jews
  3. Natural resources- Oil, etc
  4. He hated communism
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24
Q

What was the red army?

A

The Russians were not prepared

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25
Q

What happened in the Battle of Leningrad in 1941?

A

900 day siege of the 2.5million residents and over one million died

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26
Q

What happened in the Battle of Stalingrad?

A

Hitler fights for control of the Russian oil fields

27
Q

What were the Russians ordered to do?

A

To fight to the death

No surrender

28
Q

How long did the Battle of Stalingrad? ALSO IT WAS THE TURNING POINT OF THE WAR FOR THE EASTERN FRONT

A

Five months and neither city surrender

29
Q

How many people did the Russians lose in the war?

A

20 million people

30
Q

Why was the Russian campaign Hitlers greatest mistake?

A

It drained his manpower he lost over one-third and lost his military resources
Gets himself another two front War

31
Q

What exhausted Japan’s resources?

A

The war in China

32
Q

When did the USA stop oil trade with Japan? And what is it called?

A

1940

An embargo

33
Q

What does Japan realize about the USA? What do they do?

A

The USA is the only country that can stop them from taking over Asia (pacific)

So they plan a secret attack and send spies

34
Q

What is Pearl Harbor?

A

USA naval base in the Pacific (Hawaii)

35
Q

Who is the admiral of the Japanese navy who plans the attack?

A

Isoroku Yamamoto

36
Q

What was the date of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

Sunday December 7, 1941 at sunrise

37
Q

What two warning signs of the attack in Pearl Harbor did the USA ignore?

A
  1. Midget submarines were discovered at 4:00 am

2. Radar sighting at 7:05 am

38
Q

When was the first wave of the attack of Pearl Harbor, and what happened?

A

7:55 a.m

Two bombers/torpedo planes

39
Q

What were the three targets of the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

Aircraft carriers (flat tops), Battle ships and airfields

40
Q

What was the big ship taken down in the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

The USS Arizona

41
Q

What did the Japanese destroy on the attack on Pearl Harbor?

A

18 ships, 8 battleships, 188 airplanes and killed 2403 men

42
Q

Why was the attack not a complete success?

A

The Japanese failed to destroy repair facilities, destroy the fuel depots and the US Aircraft carriers

43
Q

What does FDR call the attack of Pearl Harbor?

A

A day that will live in infamy

44
Q

What were the results of Pearl Harbor?

A
  1. The USA enters World War ll
  2. Unites the people of the USA, Americans wanted revenge
  3. Internment camps, 110,000 Japanese Americans (Nisel) were forced into prison camps by the American government in the USA, they lost everything they had
45
Q

What was the reason for the Japanese Internment camps?

A

National security

But the real reason was fear and prejudice

46
Q

During the first six months who wins the battles of the war?

A

Japan

47
Q

What happens when the Philippine Islands Fall?

A

Results in the Bataan Death March

48
Q

What happens in the Bataan Death March?

A

It was 66miles/10 days 70,000 American Filipino prisoners were forced to march 50 miles from Corregidor Island -27,000 died

49
Q

What does General Douglas MacArthur promise his men?

A

I shall return

50
Q

What happens when the allies strike back in the Doolittle Raid in April of 1942?

A

Colonel James Doolittle and eighty volunteers
16 B-25 bombers strike Tokyo
No military significance but it boosted American morale

51
Q

What were the two major naval/air battles?

A

1.Battle of the Coral Sea- May 1942
The US fleet stops the invasion of Australia
2. Battle of Midway- June 1942
US defeats the Japanese and stops their planned invasion of Hawaii
TURNING POINT OF THE BATTLE IN THE PACIFIC

52
Q

What was the American strategy to win the pacific theater?

A

Island Hopping - purpose was to get close enough to launch it was a bombing march on Japan

53
Q

What was the battle of Guadalcanal “ Island of Death”

A

A six month bloody battle to control the airfield

It was the first major island taken from the Japanese

54
Q

When was the Holocaust?

A

1939-1945

55
Q

What was the Holocaust?

A

The systematic mass slaughter of the Jews and other undesirables

56
Q

Who was the Head of the SS (Black shirts) and was in charge of the Holocaust?

A

Henrich Himmler

57
Q

What does it mean by Hitlers Final solution?

A

A code word as to what to do with Europe’s 12 million Jews

58
Q

What was Hitlers four part final solution?

A

1.Immigration- make life so bad in Germany that they flee the country
Didn’t work because of the Great Depression

2.Mobile Death squads ( Soviet Union (Einsatzgruppen)- dug trenches and machined gunned people to death
It failed because it destroyed the German soldiers morale

  1. Ghettos- Jews rounded up in the cities (Poland) and put behind barbed wire and forced to work with little food and starve to death
    It failed because it was too slow
    Holding tanks were shipped to death camps
  2. Death Camps/ Gas chambers- Jews gassed in showers and cremated in ovens
59
Q

How many people died in the death camps?

A

6 million Jews and 5 million other undesirables were killed mostly through this method
1.5million were children

60
Q

What was the Peak in the death camps?

A

Up to 15,000 were killed

61
Q

Who were some people who experienced/helped and spoke out against the evils?

A
  1. Corrie ten Boom- Dutch Christian who hid Jews wrote “ Hiding Place”
  2. Dietrich Bonhoeffer- German Protestant pastor who gave his life The Cost of Discipleship
  3. Oskar Schindler- businessman who gave his life to saving Jews “Schindler’s List”
  4. Anne Frank- Jewish girl who wrote a diary called “The Diary of Anne Frank”
62
Q

What country was formed as repayment to the Jews for the Holocaust?

A

Israel

63
Q

What were the three types of concentration camps?

A

1.POW Camps (Stalags) held prisoners of war mostly in Germany and most prisoners survived
2.Work Camps-used slave labor to help the German war effort-factories mines etc many worked to death, mostly in Germany
Dachau was the most infamous one
3. Death Camps- used to exterminate people
All six were located in Poland
Auschwitz was the most infamous one (1.1mil died)

College American History (7 decks)

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