The cognitive revolution and the dawn of neuroscience Flashcards
What is the gestalt theory
- natavist/rationalist concepts of the mind
- applied to the topic of perception
- THE WHOLE OF OUR PERCEPTUAL EXPERIENCE IS MORE THAN THE SUM OF ITS PARTS.
- contrasts with empiricist view (blank slate)
- Wertheimer (1880-1843), Koffka (1886-1941), Kohler (1887-1967)
what are the principles of perceptual organisation
(finding cute cuddley pussys sexy)
-figure ground speech
- continuity
- closure
- proximity
- similarity
Subjective VS Objective reality - Koffka (1935)
- e.g Sallys subjective reality is that the marble is in the basket but the objective reality is that its been moved to the box
John Searles Chinese room: A THOUGHT EXPERIMENT
non speaking Chinese person in room to complete Chinese tasks, Chinese speakers outside the room to provide input to person in room to provide output.
- non Chinese person is like computer
- illustrates how computer can never compare to human intelligence
What was Dennett’s criticism to Searles Chinese room analogy
- too simplistic
- understanding could be a property that emerges from lots of distributed quasi - understanding in a large system
What is the value system and future oriented of cognition
- value system - personal drive
- future oriented - making predictions for future
What did Santiago Ramon y canal use to reveal gaps between individual neuron synapses.
staining techniques
what is the neuron doctrine
nervous system is made up of individual cells
What experiment did Otto Loewi carry out to prove that neural transmission involves chemicals called neurotransmitters
- frog heart in saline solution and stimulated vagus nerve (heartbeat nerve) to ellicit heartbeats.
- then transferred same solution to another heart and stimulated heartbeat
- CHEMICAL SUBSTANCES CONVEY NERVE SIGNALS TO ORGANS.
What did Broadman divide the cortex into
52 areas depending on cellular architecture
What year was important principles of the organisation of the brain and nervous system established
1920s
What was Karl lashleys experiment in localising memory
put a mouse in a maze and removed bits of cortex to find where memory is held
- HE COULDNT FIND IT
What was Scoville and Miller’s experiment on HM
- suffered severe epilepsy
- took out medial temporal lobes and became better
- He developed retrograde amnesia but could remember memories from young
- Couldn’t learn too many new things (severe anterograde amnesia)
-STM was fine
Where is memory located
Hippocampus
Where is emotions located
Amygdala
