The Coastal Zone Flashcards
The Coastal Zone
- Academic interest emerged in the 1970’s
- CZM – Coastal Zone Management
- ICZM – Integrated Coastal Zone Management
- TCC – Tourism Carrying Capacity
- WSSD – World Summit on Sustainable Development
- Coastal areas have become the shape and expression of cultural, economic, spatial and social structures of the regions and nations in which they are located.
Managing the Coastal Zone
- Physical Criteria
- Geographic zone
- Ecological Criteria
- Landwards, brackisk, littoral subsystems, seawards and netric zone
- Administrative and Judicial Criteria
- Reflect of national and internationally agreements
- Economic Criteria
- Link to local industry and agriculture.
Coastal Tourism - Governance
- Marine Policy
- Coastal Zone Management
- Conservation
- Ecology
- Heritage
Managing the Coastal Zone
- Social policy and sustainability issues
- Political and Geographic borders
- Conflicts: Tourism, mariculture, conservation, urbanisation, industrial development, agriculture, navigation, transportation
ICM - Integrated Coastal Management
- Economic Activities by Coastal Zone Locality as a Port
- National Roles Sharing Interests
- Role of Tourism
- Coastal Ecosystems
- Waste Management
- Social and Economical Aspirations
- Allocation of Land for Reservation Areas
- Governance and Policies
- Issues of the Future
Planning Issues for Coastal Destinations
- Conflicts of resources
- Resource depletion problems
- Resource degradation
- Security and Political Security
- Quality of life of residents
- Long-term sustainability
- Administrative responsibilities
- Future challenges
Policy Environment
- Regulatory instruments
- Voluntary agreements
- Expenditure
- Financial incentives
- Non-intervention
Traditional View of Coastal Tourism
- Democratization of Leisure Tourism
- Mass Tourism by Resorts Seaside
- Specialization
- Resort development models
Theories Coastal Tourism Evolution
- Old Tourist: Fordist style (Mass Tourism)
* New Tourist: Post Fordist (Experience Tourism)
Planning in Coastal Destinations
• Planning fermented by demand
• Generally built into a zoning hierarchy
• Development can be rapid spontaneous and unguided
– Resorts in Asia in the 1970’s and 1980’s
• Corruption awarding buildings in coastal areas
– Profit by investors
– Increased pollution, beachfront development and inadequate infrastructure
• Hotel War between Government and Private Investors
Environmental Impacts
- Degradation and Pollution
- Destruction of habitats and Ecosystem damage
- Specie loss
- Loss of coastal and marine resources
- Groundwater and surface water diversion
- Coastal pollution
Social and Moral Issues
- Loss of built heritage
- Loss of livelihood
- Displacement of original residents
- Decline in the resilience of the local community
- Cultural disruption
- Increased crime
Threats to Coastal Zones
- Global warming
- Ice cap melting
- Tsunamis
- Wind storms
- Sea / Earthquakes
- Sea levels rise
Issues for Coastal Tourism
- Ignored importance of Integrated Coastal Management
- Scale and growth of coastal cities is enormous – Role that tourism plays in cities is not well understood
- Coastal resorts will attract significant flows – Climate change to impact
- Sea levels rise many coastal resorts will become inundated
- Mass tourism to flourish along modern forms of tourism demand