Destination Planning Flashcards
1
Q
Tourism Planning
A
- Planning is a key element in destinations
- Inadequate planing gma y place limitations on a destinations ability to grow
- Tendency to develop long term projections of possible growth using quantitative methods
- Destinations use physical intellectual and financial resources within a particular governance model to create tourism product
- No single model of or planning tool can adequately represent a destination
- Destinations function most effectively when demand and supply forces are in a state of equilibrium
- If growth occurs, or if there is a crisis balance between demand and supply is influenced
- Proactive planning is able to assist in addressing gaps that occur when demand and supply are imbalanced
2
Q
Contemporary Tourism Planning
A
- Assumption that growth is always a desirable outcome (not always true)
- Growth can inadvertently cause unwanted environmental and social impacts which may reduce the overall attractiveness of a destination
- Where capacity exists and desire for growth planning is the key process to
- Ensure growth is sustainable
- Ensure benefits can be spread across local community
3
Q
Integrated Tourism Planning
A
- To identity alternate approaches to
* Marketing
* Development
* Industry organisation
* Tourism awareness
* Support services and activities - To adapt to the unexpected in
* General economic conditions
* Energy supply and demand situation
* Values and lifestyles
* Fortunes of individual industries
* Shits in the external environment - To maintain uniqueness in
* Natural features and resources
* Local culture and social fabric
* Local architecture
* Historic monuments and landmarks
* Local events and activities
* Parks and outdoor sport areas
* Other feature of destination area - To create
* High levels of awareness in the benefits of tourism
* Clear and positive images of the area as a tourism destination
* Effective industry organisation
4
Q
Seven stage planning model
A
- Study preparation
- Setting aims and objectives
- Analysis and synthesis
- Plan formulation
- Recommendations
- Implementations
- Monitoring and adjustment
5
Q
Stage one: Study preparations
A
- Political process: determine the overall parameter of the project
- Issues dealing with sustainability
- Institutions responsibilities
- Development versus preservation
- Impacts
- Emerging trends
6
Q
Stage Two: Aims and objectives
A
- Seek stakeholder (community/business) input
- Allow adjustment through an interactive process
- Dealing with clashes between public and private interests
7
Q
Stage Three: Analysis and Synthesis
A
- Collect data from research
- Analyses the areas situation: demand, supply and the industry
- Draws together data and produces position statement
8
Q
Stage Four: Plan formulation
A
- Formulation of policies concerned with economic strategies, marketing, HR development, environmental conservation, investment or organisation
- Integrated development options: not a single plan but a number of alternatives
9
Q
Stage Five: Recommendations
A
- Preparation of final plan in terms of:
- Tourism development regions/zones
- Transportation links
- Infrastructure
- Tourism attractions
- Labour skills
- Investment levels and sources
- Environmental and cultural conservation
- Organisation and legislation
10
Q
Stage Six: Implementation
A
- Preparation of a schedule of tests to be completed within prescribed time frames and period for review and revision
- Action from
- Investors
- Public sector
- Infrastructure providers
11
Q
Stage Seven: Monitoring and Adjustment
A
- Creation of an agency with the responsibility to ensure the finalised plan is monitored and that on-going supervision to ensure the plan remains relevant and feasible
- Effective monitoring is completed using measurement tools such as indicators
12
Q
Why is it important to monitor the effectiveness of tourism planning?
A
- To ensure tourism is integrated into communities in a sustainable manner
- To ensure key aims and objectives of the tourism plan are being achieved
- To provide baseline measurements to review and alter plans based on extenuating circumstances
- To evaluate how tourism is coexisting with other planning schemes such as transport
- To uncover new strengths, weaknesses, opportunities and threats to a destination
13
Q
Monitoring: The benefits of indicators
A
- Better decision making
- Lower costs and risks
- Identify limits and opportunities
- Identification or emerging risks - prevention
- Identification of impacts - corrective action
- Performance measurement of the implementation of development plans and management actions
- Greater public accountability, better communication
- Constant monitoring - continuous improvement
14
Q
Types of sustainable Tourism Indicators
A
- Early warning indicators (species disappearance)
- Indicators of stresses on the system (crime rates)
- Measures of current state of tourism (occupancy, satisfaction)
- Measures of tourism impacts (deforestation rates, change in property prices)
- Measures of management efforts (clean up cost, repairs)
- Measure of management effect and performance (changed pollution levels, more returning tourists)
15
Q
Types of sustainable tourism indicators
A
Quantitative measurements
* Raw data * Ratios * %
Qualitative/normative measurements
* Category indicies * Normative indicators * Nominal indicators * Opinion-based indicators
