Challenge of Sustainability Flashcards
Agents of reshaping process
- Trends
- Disasters and Crisis
- Chance of random events
- Innovation
- New technology
- Nature
- Policy
Drivers
- Technology
- The growth of service economy
- World economic growth
- Increasing number and variety of destinations
- Climate change
- Peak oil
Inhibitors
- Global epidemics
- Terrorism and violence attacks
- Unexpected natural disasters
- Demographic changes
- Resources overuse
Economic Impacts
• Three key economic impacts – Increasing foreign exchange earnings – Increasing income – Increasing employment • Strategies for maximizing economic impacts – Encouraging import substitution – Implementing incentive programs – Dealing with multinational companies
Positive Sociocultural Impacts
- May encourage attempts to keep culture and traditions alive.
- Traditional ways and goods may be restored because visitors are interested and are willing buyers of these.
- Festivals staged for visitors help to keep local cultures alive.
Negative Sociocultural Impacts
• Damage to family structures and subsistence food production.
• Encouragement of urbanization and emigration.
• Friction and resentment between local people and visitors
• Displacement of local people to make way for airports, resorts, nature reserves, historical and other attraction sites, and other tourism development projects.
• Encouragement of behaviors such as begging, touting, and other harassment of visitors.
* Lack of access for residents to recreational areas and facilities.
• Increase in health risks through diseases such as AIDS, malaria, hepatitis, and influenza.
• Increase in drug abuse and prostitution.
• Open antagonism and crimes against visitors.
• Commercialization of traditional welcome and hospitality customs.
• Loss of cultural identity.
• Overcrowding and damage to archaeological and historical sites and monuments.
Positive Environmental Impacts
Greater protection of specific ecosystems.
- More control of harmful economic activities such as logging and commercial fishing.
- Part of visitor expenditures may be reinvested in research and better conservation programs.
- Greater understanding among local residents of environmental issues.
Tourism-related consumption has three areas of impact:
- First, prior to departure, tourists purchase travel-related clothing and equipment.
- Second, when tourists travel long distances to tourist destinations, they create considerable atmospheric pollution and other impacts on the global environment.
- Third, upon arrival at the tourist destination, tourists often continue their accustomed habits of consumption
Consequences
- Degradation of local water and soil quality into a vicious circle
- Reduced access by local residents to land, housing and marine resources
Solutions
• Green tourism & eco-tourism
• Solutions to tourism-related pollution in the travel and tourism industry are technologically available.
• The industry has every opportunity to institute voluntary initiatives and self-regulation to address green tourism advocates and those calling for government regulation.
• The establishment of formal environmental management systems (EMSs) in each business establishment
The establishment of waste reduction programs
• Appropriate waste management systems and infrastructure
• National governments and tourism businesses maintaining
Impact the local community
Disrupt the original lifestyle.
- The different cultural background may result in a misunderstanding between visitors & local community.
- Leading to the increasing rate of crime, decrease the public morality.
Impact traditions
Assimilation: “Process of assimilating or being assimilated.” (Oxford Advanced Learner’s English-Chinese Dictionary)
• Vulgarization: “Process of becoming vulgar”, reduce the profound meanings of traditions.
• Commercialization: More and more people tend to treat traditions with an attitude of making profit.
Solutions to impacts
See traditions in the light of development
• Keep the essence, discard the dross
• Treat cultural differences with acceptance
• Education
• Emphasize the importance of treasuring the heritages
• Cultivate experts, protect the historical sites with upto-date theory
• Balance the development and protection
12 aims of sustainable tourism
- Economic viability
- Local prosperity
- Employment quality
- Social equity
- Visitor fulfillment
- Local control
- Community wellbeing
- Cultural richness
- Physical integrity
- Biological diversity
- Resource efficiency
- Environmental purity
Sustainability concepts
- Environmental capacity
- Future generations
- Conservation and enhancement of ecological processes
- Protection of biological diversity
- Equity within and between generations
- Integration of environmental, social and economical considerations
