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GCSE Geography > The Coastal Zone > Flashcards

The Coastal Zone Flashcards

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0
Q

What are the characteristics of a Destructive wave.

A

Larger in height.
Weak swash
Strong backwash which pulls sand and shingle down the beach.

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1
Q

What are the features of a constructive wave?

A

Smaller in height.
Strong swash pushes material up the beach.
Weak backwash with little erosion.

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2
Q

Name the 4 types of Mass Movement.

A

Rockfall.
Landslide.
Mudflow.
Rotational slip.

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3
Q

Define Rockfall.

A

Fragments of rock break away from the cliff face, often due to freeze-thaw weathering.

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4
Q

Define Landslide.

A

Blocks of rock sliding downhill.

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5
Q

Define Mudflow.

A

Saturated soil and weak rock flows down a slope.

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7
Q

Define Rotational slip.

A

A slump of saturated soil and weak rock along a curved surface

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8
Q

Fetch

A

The distance of open water over which the wind can blow

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9
Q

Beach

A

A deposit of sand or shingle at the coast, often found at the head of a bay.

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10
Q

Crest

A

The top of a wave

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11
Q

Swash

A

The forward movement of a wave up the beach.

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12
Q

Backwash

A

The backward movement of water down a beach when a wave has broken.

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13
Q

Constructive wave

A

A powerful wave with a strong swash that surges up a beach.

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14
Q

Destructive wave

A

A wave formed by a local storm that crashes down onto a beach and has a powerful backwash.

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15
Q

Cliff

A

A steep or vertical face of rock often found at the coast.

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16
Q

Rockfall

A

Fragments of rock break away from the cliff face, often due to freeze-thaw weathering.

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17
Q

Landslide

A

Blocks of rock slide downhill

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18
Q

Mudflow

A

Saturated soil and weak rock flows down a slope.

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19
Q

Rotational Slip

A

Slump of saturated soil and weak rock along a curved surface.

20
Q

Hydraulic Power

A

The sheer power of waves.

21
Q

Corrasion

A

The effect of rocks being flung at the cliff by powerful waves.

22
Q

Longshore Drift

A

The transport of sediment along a stretch of coastline caused by waves approaching the beach at an angle.

23
Q

Bay

A

A broad Coastal inlet often with a beach.

24
Q

Headland

A

A point of usually high land jutting out into the sea.

25
Q

Wave-cut platform

A

A wide gently sloping rocky surface at the foot of a cliff.

26
Q

Wave-cut notch

A

A small indention (or notch) cut into a cliff by coastal erosion roughly at the level of high tide.

27
Q

Cave

A

A hollowed-out feature at the base of an eroding cliff.

28
Q

Arch

A

A headland that has been partly broken through by the sea to form a thin-roofed arch.

29
Q

Stack

A

An isolated pinnacle of rock sticking out of the sea.

30
Q

Spit

A

A finger of new land made of sand or shingle, jutting out into the sea from the coast.

31
Q

Salt marsh

A

Low-lying coastal wetland mostly extending between high and low tide.

32
Q

Bar

A

A spit that has grown across a bay.

33
Q

Sliding

A

A type of Mass movement involving material moving downhill on a flat surface (a landslide)

34
Q

Slumping

A

A type of mass movement involving material moving downhill under its own weight.

35
Q

Landslip

A

A type of mass movement common at the coast involving material slipping downhill usually along a curved slip surface.

36
Q

Shoreline Management Plan (SMP)

A

An integrated coastal management plan for a stretch of coastline in England and Wales.

37
Q

Hard Engineering

A

Building artificial structures such as sea walls aimed at controlling natural processes.

38
Q

Soft Engineering

A

A sustainable approach to managing the coast without using artificial structures.

39
Q

Sea wall

A

Concrete or rock barrier built at the foot of cliffs or the top of a beach.

40
Q

Groyne

A

Timber or rock structure built out to sea to trap sediment being moved by longshore drift.

41
Q

Rock Armour

A

Piles of large boulders dumped at the foot of a cliff to protect it by forcing waves to break and absorbing their energy.

42
Q

Managed Retreat

A

Allowing controlled flooding of low-lying coastal areas or cliff collapse in areas where the value of the land is low.

43
Q

Pioneer plant

A

The first plant species to colonise an area that is well adapted to living in a harsh environment.

44
Q

Sediment

A

Loose rock debris that has been weathered or eroded before being transported and then deposited.

45
Q

Vegetation succession

A

A sequence of vegetation species colonising an environment.

GCSE Geography (6 decks)

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