Population

Question 1

Zero Growth

Answer 1

A population in balance. Birth rate is equal to death rate, so there is no growth or decrease.

Question 2

Natural decrease (ND)

Answer 2

The death rate is greater than the birth rate.

Question 3

Exponential Growth

Answer 3

A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases – often shown as a J-curve graph.

Question 4

Birth Rate (BR)

Answer 4

The number of babies born per 1000 people per year.

Question 5

Death Rate (DR)

Answer 5

The number of deaths per 1000 people per year.

Question 6

Natural Change

Answer 6

The difference between birth rate and death rate, given as a percentage.

Question 7

Natural Increase (NI)

Answer 7

The birth rate is greater than the death rate.

Question 8

Life expectancy

Answer 8

The number of years a person is expected to live, usually taken from birth.

Question 9

Newly industrialising Countries (NICs)

Answer 9

These include the Asian ‘tigers’ as well as other emerging industrial nations such as Malaysia, the Philippines and China.

Question 10

Asian ‘tiger’

Answer 10

One of the four east Asian countries of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, where manufacturing industry grew rapidly from the 1960s to the 1990s.

Question 11

Demographic Transition Model (DTM)

Answer 11

A theoretical model that shows changes in population information (birth and death rates and population growth) over a period of time.

Question 12

Replacement rate

Answer 12

A birth rate high enough for a generation to be the same size as the one before it.

Question 13

Urbanisation

Answer 13

The growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.

Question 14

Rural-to-urban migration

Answer 14

Moving home from a rural area o settle in a town or city.

Question 15

Age structure

Answer 15

The proportions of each age group in a population. This links closely to the stage a country has reached in the demographic transition model.

Question 16

Gender structure

Answer 16

The balance between males and females in a population. Small differences can tell us a great deal about a country or city.

Question 17

Infant mortality

Answer 17

The number of babies that die under a year of age , per 1000 live births.

Question 18

Child mortality

Answer 18

The number of children that die under five years of age, per 1000 live births.

Question 19

Transmigration

Answer 19

A population policy that aims to move people from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas and provide them with opportunities to improve the quality of their lives.

Question 20

Industrialisation

Answer 20

A process usually associated with the development of an economy where an increasing proportion of people work in industry.

Question 21

European Union (EU)

Answer 21

A group of countries across Europe that work towards a single market, i.e. they trade as if they were one country, without any trade barriers.

Question 22

Dependency ratio

Answer 22

The balance between people who are independent (work and pay tax) and those who depend on them. Ideally, the fewer dependents for each independent person, the better off economically and country is.

Question 23

Push-pull factors

Answer 23

Push factors are negative aspects of a place that encourage people to move away. Pull factors are the attractions and opportunities of a place that encourage people to move there.

Question 24

Migration

Answer 24

The movement of people from one permanent home to another, with the intention of staying at least a year. This move may be within a country (national migration) or between countries (international migration).

Question 25

Host Country

Answer 25

The country where the migrant settles.

Question 26

Country of origin

Answer 26

The country from which a migration starts.

Question 27

Immigrant

Answer 27

Someone entering a new country with the intention of living there.

Question 28

Emigrant

Answer 28

Someone leaving their country of residence to move to another country.

Question 29

Asylum seekers

Answer 29

People who believe that their lives are at risk if they remain in their home country and who seek to settle in another (safe) country.

Question 30

Economic migrant

Answer 30

Someone trying to improve their standard of living, who moves voluntarily.