Population Flashcards
Zero Growth
A population in balance. Birth rate is equal to death rate, so there is no growth or decrease.
Natural decrease (ND)
The death rate is greater than the birth rate.
Exponential Growth
A pattern where the growth rate constantly increases – often shown as a J-curve graph.
Birth Rate (BR)
The number of babies born per 1000 people per year.
Death Rate (DR)
The number of deaths per 1000 people per year.
Natural Change
The difference between birth rate and death rate, given as a percentage.
Natural Increase (NI)
The birth rate is greater than the death rate.
Life expectancy
The number of years a person is expected to live, usually taken from birth.
Newly industrialising Countries (NICs)
These include the Asian ‘tigers’ as well as other emerging industrial nations such as Malaysia, the Philippines and China.
Asian ‘tiger’
One of the four east Asian countries of Hong Kong, South Korea, Singapore and Taiwan, where manufacturing industry grew rapidly from the 1960s to the 1990s.
Demographic Transition Model (DTM)
A theoretical model that shows changes in population information (birth and death rates and population growth) over a period of time.
Replacement rate
A birth rate high enough for a generation to be the same size as the one before it.
Urbanisation
The growth in the proportion of people living in towns and cities.
Rural-to-urban migration
Moving home from a rural area o settle in a town or city.
Age structure
The proportions of each age group in a population. This links closely to the stage a country has reached in the demographic transition model.
Gender structure
The balance between males and females in a population. Small differences can tell us a great deal about a country or city.
Infant mortality
The number of babies that die under a year of age , per 1000 live births.
Child mortality
The number of children that die under five years of age, per 1000 live births.
Transmigration
A population policy that aims to move people from densely populated areas to sparsely populated areas and provide them with opportunities to improve the quality of their lives.
Industrialisation
A process usually associated with the development of an economy where an increasing proportion of people work in industry.
European Union (EU)
A group of countries across Europe that work towards a single market, i.e. they trade as if they were one country, without any trade barriers.
Dependency ratio
The balance between people who are independent (work and pay tax) and those who depend on them. Ideally, the fewer dependents for each independent person, the better off economically and country is.
Push-pull factors
Push factors are negative aspects of a place that encourage people to move away. Pull factors are the attractions and opportunities of a place that encourage people to move there.
Migration
The movement of people from one permanent home to another, with the intention of staying at least a year. This move may be within a country (national migration) or between countries (international migration).
Host Country
The country where the migrant settles.
Country of origin
The country from which a migration starts.
Immigrant
Someone entering a new country with the intention of living there.
Emigrant
Someone leaving their country of residence to move to another country.
Asylum seekers
People who believe that their lives are at risk if they remain in their home country and who seek to settle in another (safe) country.
Economic migrant
Someone trying to improve their standard of living, who moves voluntarily.
