The Civil War & Reconstruction Flashcards
How was the Civil War accelerated?
*** By the shift in federal power that occurred when California was admitted to the Union as a free state
*** shifted a lot of power towards the abolitionist movement in Congress
*** election of pro-abolitionist Abraham Lincoln
The Civil War stemmed from the south’s resistance to the _______?
Northern Abolitionist Movement
Secessionists called for a new nation, which would be called?
The Confederate States of America
As the Northern Abolitionist movement grew, what did the South begin to fear?
Abolishment of Slavery
What does Secessionist mean?
People who called for a new nation for the South
What were the titles for the North and South??
North - Union
South - Confederates
The Confederates established their own what?
Government
*** Capital was originally in Richmond, Virginia
Who was the president of the Confederate States of America?
Jefferson Davis
Who had the advantages in the Civil War? What were they?
The North
- Larger population
- More developed manufacturing base
* ** more weapons - More developed transportation network
* ** at the start the North had 3x the amount of railroad track the South had
What was the South’s only advantage in the Civil War?
Military leadership
*** more experienced, more tactical leaders
Who were the examples of leaders for the Confederacy?
- Stonewall Jackson
2. Robert E. Lee
What happened as a result of good military leadership in the South?
Long War
How long did the Civil War last?
1861-1865
*** should have only lasted two years
A COMBO OF:
BLunders by the North
Strong military leadership
PROLONGED THE CIVIL WAR
What were the strategies of the North?
- Isolate the South - close of access to shipping along the Eastern Seaboard
*** cannot obtain more supplies
- Capture the Capital - capture the leaders
*** why the capital was moved from Richmond
- Split the South
- make them fight a two front war
- split their battle power
- starve them out / isolate them from food crops
- Prevent South from surging into the North
Why is the Civil War sometimes known as a “War of Attrition”?
Who can outlast wh0m?
What were the Southern strategies?
- Surge into the North
- take control of supply lines and trade routes
- take control of manufacturing bases
How many battles were in the Civil War?
Over 1,000
Explain the battle of Fort Sumter
Southern General Beauregard fires on Federal fort in Charleston Harbor
*** 1st battle of the Civil War
What interesting fact happened at the Battle of Fort Sumter?
The North was so confident that they would win, ppl came out to watch the battles in picnics.
*** the South overran this region, northerners had to scramble for their lives
Explain the battle of Antietum
Single bloodies battle / most lives lost
Northern General McClellan’s stops and ends Lee’s invasion of the North here in Antietum
*** The South’s first big attempt to surge into the North
Explain the battle of Chancellorsville
*** Major win for the South
Lee defeats Hooker’s Army of Potomac (Major Northern Army)
but Stonewall Jackson is killed
What superstitious thing did Stonewall Jackson like to do during battles?
Ride around a like a crazy person with his finger in the air
How did Stonewall Jackson die?
He was riding back to his troops and his own men fired on him
Explain the battle of Gettysburg
2nd major surge attempt by the South
Robert E. Lee loses to General Meade
Attempt failed
What happened during Pickett’s charge at Gettysburg ?
It failed
What was considered to be with the Battle of Gettysburg?
Was the last chance for the South to surge
The beginning of the end
Explain what happened at Appomattox
- Lee’s force are surrounded
- Forced to surrender
- Few skirmishes occur, but really with the surrender the war is over
What is the first war that is well-chronicled in photography?
Civil War
When we talk about Reconstruction, what are we talking about?
Physical and Ideological Reconstruction of the South after the Civil War
What did the North want to do in the South after the Civil War?
Implement the Northern policies in the South
*** make the South reconstruct according to their guidelines
What did the Radicals & Moderates want to d0?
Implement Northern policy into the South
What did the Radicals do?
Favored putting an occupying army in the South
*** forcing them to adhere to Northern policy
What did the Moderates want to allow/create?
They wanted to implement the policies and strategies of the North and allow the South to moderate it themselves
In Congress there was a strong presence of what?
Radicals
Congress favored putting what in the South?
An occupying army
Why was Andrew Johnson impeached?
He was a moderate and opposed putting and occupying army in the South
During Reconstruction, many northerners moved where to do what?
They moved to the South to start businesses
As the southerners resented the newly moved-in northerners what did they call them?
Carpetbaggers
Scalawags
Was Radical Reconstruction going well?
Yes, it was passed by Congress
The southerners felt that the Northerners were doing what by moving to the South?
Taking advantage of opportunities in the South
Where does the name carpetbagger come from?
The northerners bringing suitcases made of carpet to sell things
What was happening to the freed African-Americans of the Southern region during Reconstruction?
They were obtaining new rights
- suffrage rights
- property rights
- integrated facilities
The disputed presidential election of 1876 led to a compromise of what?
Ending Reconstruction
- The North said to the South, if you accept our Candidate, we will end Reconstruction
- South accepted
- North retracts troops
- Allows South to continue a moderate form of Reconstruction
After the compromise involving the election of 1876 and the end of Reconstruction, what ended up happening in the South?
Racist Legislation against African-Americans
*** Jim Crowe Laws
As a result of the Jim Crow laws what happened in the South
Separated facilities
Voting rights gone
75 years after Jim Crow laws are introduced, what would begin to happen?
American Civil Rights Movement (1960s)
*** Dr. Martin Luther King
What monumental court case would grant equality to African-Americans?
Brown vs. The Board of Education
*** separated facilities were inherently unequal
*** integrate schools
What was lost during the Compromise in 1876 with the Radical Reconstruction and regained with the Civil Rights Movement of the 1960s?
Equality between African-Americans and Whites
