20th Century Developments Flashcards
With the assembly line, what was ushered in?
Mass production
Who developed the assembly line? And when?
Ford Motor Company (Henry Ford)
Between 1905-1915
** new and efficient ways to make automobiles
What was Henry Ford’s dream with the Model T?
He could produce enough of them cheaply, that almost anyone could purchase one
Explain the assembly line
Instead of one person working on the car (or product)
Many different people would work on each part of the car (or product)
What did the assembly line lead to?
Production of many different products using the assembly line
The latter half of the 20th century was marked by ?
The Cold War
What is the Cold War?
The continuing of conflict from between the
“Western World” (primarily the US)
and the “Communist World” (primarily the Soviet Union)
** later China would be involved also
Where were the proxy-wars being fought to end Communism?
- Vietnam
- Korea
- Conflict in economic ways and sanctions
Was there actual direct fighting between the US and the Soviet Union or China?
No
The Cold War led to a competition of what?
Military competition (capitalistic/democratic world vs. Communist world
“Space Race”
Explain the competition in technology between Soviet Union and US
Technology competitions
Nuclear weapons “Nuclear FaceOff”
Explain the Space Race between USSR and the US
Who can get into space first
Who was Yuri Gagarin (Russian) ?
First man in orbit
In turn
The Soviet Union won the race into space
Who won the race to the moon?
US
Neil Armstrong (first man on moon)
There was a lot of back and forth for technological advancements for what?
National Pride
- Led to a quick proliferation and development in technology
A lot of private sector technology came out and changed what?
Changed the world’s economy
Potential businesses
Communication and Interaction between people
Where were processing chips and computer chips created?
In the space program
** computers have changed the world
When were the first satellites
(most privately-owned / telecommunications)
put into space?
As a result of the space program
- satellites are able to aid in communication around the world
A lot of the technological advancements that drove the rest of the 20th century and still today were started when?
Came about b/c of the Cold War
What other big movement occurred with the 20th century?
Civil Rights
In the prosperous 1950s (ppl were doing well) what was occurring?
Racial prejudice
Growing divergence
What groups of ppl were not experiencing the same economic benefits and growth in the 1950s?
African-Americans
Minorities
** as a result of racial prejudice / not given same opportunities in workplace
What did the ruling of Plessy vs. Ferguson state? When was it?
1896
- Supreme Court Ruling
- Upheld segregation
- OK to segregate schools and other facilities
- as long as African-Americans were given equal facilities
When Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka arose, what happened?
1954
Declared that separate facilities were inherently unequal
** by saying ppl had to go to different facilities, that was unequal
Were the facilities equal between the minorities and the whites?
No the whites had better facilities
What was the ruling of Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka?
- Cannot have segregation
2. Integrated facilities/schools
10 years after the ruling of integrating schools in the Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka (1954), what had still not occurred?
Integration of schools in the South
- ruling had taken place but not enforced
••• ppl were going to the streets for equality (fight against the system), since the gov’t was not enforcing
When did the Rosa Parks incident occur? What happened?
December 1955
She refused to give up her front seat on the bus
Following Rosa Parks incident, what boycott occurred?
The Montgomery bus boycott
What was the Montgomery bus boycott?
Organized by
Martin Luther King
- targeted at racist policies that the bus lines had / requiring African Americans to give up seats / sit in the back
What percent of people were involved and supportive of the Montgomery bus boycott?
99%
Hurt the city and bus lines
Who was Dr. Martin Luther King?
- big leader for Civil Rights mov’t and inequalities & mistreatment of blacks
- peaceful/nonviolent
When was the Little Rock Nine and what occurred?
September 1957
- Federal troops accompanied 9 students wishing to attend and integrated school
** threats to hurt students
With Little Rock Nine (1957) what was occurring?
High profile time of a school being forced to integrate
I.e. Brown vs. Board of Education of Topeka Supreme Court ruling
Was the 1959 Civil Rights Act effective?
No, Lack of implementation
Ppl didn’t wanna integrate (especially in states that had racist policies)
Explain the Sit-in Strategy of 1960
MLK directed
- sit-in business that refused to serve African-Americans
- Gain attention for the cause
- Force acknowledgement of the movement
What were the “Freedom Rides”?
- Busloads of black and white students in the South
- Coming to the South
- Even though segregation on interstate busses was outlawed, it was still occurring
- The Freedom riders to protest the outlawed segregation
Who was a big supporter of the Freedom Rides?
Robert F. Kennedy
- brother of JFK
What was signed in July of 1964? What did it bring and what was coupled with? Who signed it?
Lyndon B. Johnson
Civil Rights Act -
Coupled with the 1965 Voting Rights Act
- extend more rights to African-Americans and other minorities
- abolish some of practices taking rights away
What came about with the Voting Rights Act of 1965?
Banning of Literacy Tests
- designed to make African-Americans fail the test, so they could not vote
- tried to stop ppl from voting based on their race
What approaches came about that were militant and/or peaceful/nonviolent?
- Black Power
- Black Pride
- Malcolm X & the Black Panthers
- ** promote civil rights and equality
- ** major feature of the 20th century led to major changes in rights and society, especially for minorities
