The circulatory system Flashcards
what is the yellow liquid in blood?
plasma
what do white blood cells do?
prevent disease
what helps us clot the blood is we cut ourselves?
platelets
where are platelets found?
in the blood
name the 3 ways blood is carried around the body?
artery
vein
cappilary
why is a red blood cell red?
because it comes from a chemical called
haemoglobin
what does oxygen do to haemoglobin?
it combines which allows it to be transported around the body
why dont red blood cells have a nucleus?
so it can leave more room for oxygen
describe what a red blood cell looks like
they are disc shaped and have a dent on both sides to help them absorb a lot of oxygen
describe the size of a red blood cell?
it is very small so they can carry oxygen to all parts of the body
what does liquid plasma do?
it transports water and dissolved substances such as food, hormones, antibodies and waste products around the body
what do arteries do?
transport blood away from the heart
what do veins do?
transport blood to the heart
what do capillaries do?
join arteries to veins and carry blood through tissue
what happens when haemoglobin combines with oxygen in the lungs?
it forms oxyhaemoglobin
explain what happens after oxyhaemoglobin is made?
when it reaches the tissue it separates into haemoglobin and oxygen. The oxygen diffuses into the tissue cells and the red blood cells return to the lungs to pick up more oxygen
describe the adaptation of an artery?
thick muscular and elastic wall to help withstand high blood pressure as it leaves the heart
describe the adaptation of a vein?
large lumen to help blood flow at low pressure. Valves stop blood from flowing the wrong way
explain the adaptation of a calillary?
thin, permeable wall to allow exchange of material with body tissue
describe the two sides to the heart?
the right side pumps blood to the lungs
The left side pumps blood to the rest of the body
what are the 4 parts to the heart called?
chambers
what are the top two called?
latria receives blood from veins
what are the bottom two called?
ventricles pump blood into arteries
what do humans have connected to arteries, veins and capillaries?
a double circulatory system
what do the 2 circulatory systems do?
one circuit links the heart and lungs
the other links the heart and the body
what is the advantage of having 2 pumps in the body?
blood going tot he body can be pumped at a much higher pressure than blood going to the lungs. This provides a greater rate of flow to all the body tissue
