molecules of life Flashcards
name the 4 animal cell parts
cell membrane
cytoplasm
nucleus
chromosomes
what does the cell membrane do?
controls the movement of substances in and out of the cell
what happens in the cytoplasm?
where chemical reactions happen
what does the nucleus do?
carries genetic information
what do chromosomes do?
genetic informations is carried by chromosomes
what is DNA?
DNA is a molecule found tightly coiled inside the nucleus. It forms structures called chromosomes
what is a section of a chromosome called?
a gene
where is cell respiration carried out?
inside mitochondria
what happens during respiration?
energy is released from glucose in the presence of oxygen
describe a mitochondria cell?
they are very small. They cannot be seen using a school microscope
why does the liver and muscle cells have large numbers of mitochondria?
because they need large amounts of energy to carry out their functions
what are chromosomes?
long molecules of DNA dividing up into regions called genes
describe a DNA molecule
DNA molecules have two strands coiled to a double helix. The double helix has cross links made of chemicals called bases. There are 4 different bases, each cross link contains two bases which are known as base pairs
name a cell that has lots of structures inside them that cannot be seen using a light microscope?
Ribosomes
where are ribosome’s found?
in the cytoplasm
when are ribosome’s used?
in the cell when proteins are made
what do the genes in your body make up?
your genetic code
what does your genetic code do?
controls the activities of your cells
what is DNA a code for?
making proteins
what would happen without DNA?
you could not make the proteins needed for growth and repair for cells
each gene in DNA has a different sequence of bases
r
the sequence of bases code for a particular protein
r
explain what happens when your body codes for a protein?
your body has a code for every protein it needs to make. The different codes give the proteins different shapes. To make the protein a copy of the gene is made as the gene cannot leave the nucleus. The copy leaves the nucleus so that the protein can be made on the ribosomes within the cytoplasm
what are the letters for the 4 bases?
A T C and G
what letters link with each other?
A and T
C and G
what is the order of bases found in DNA called?
the base code
what do 3 bases code for?
amino acids
how does the body make proteins?
the DNA code must be copied this is called transcription
what is the copied code called?
messanger RNA (mRNA)
what is the path of the mRNA?
the mRNA leaves the nucleus and travels to the ribosomes
what happens at the ribosomes?
the code is used to put the amino acids together in the right order and form the protein
what is this called?
translation
