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Grade 9 Life Sciences > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

1
Q

What are some useful substances transported by the blood?

A
  1. Hormones
  2. Oxygen
  3. Glucose
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2
Q

What are some excretory substances transported by the blood?

A
  1. Carbon dioxide

2. Urea

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3
Q

What are the excretory organs?

A
  1. Lungs
  2. Kidneys
  3. Skin
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4
Q

What are the main parts of the circulatory system?

A
  1. Heart
  2. Blood vessels- arteries, veins, capillaries
  3. Blood- red and white blood cells, plasma, platelets
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5
Q

What is the function of the heart?

A
  1. To. Pump blood.
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6
Q

How many chambers are there in the heart?

A
  1. Four
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7
Q

Name the upper and lower sections of the heart.

A
  1. Upper- ARTIA [singl. Atrium]

2. Lower- VENTRICLES [singl. Ventricle]

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8
Q

What are the main blood vessels leaving the heart?

A

1 Aorta

2. Pulmonary artery

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9
Q

What are the main blood vessels coming to the heart?

A
  1. Pulmonary vein

2. Inferior vena cava

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10
Q

What happens when blood vessels to the heart muscle tissue are blocked?

A
  1. Heart muscle DOES NOT RECEIVE SUFFICIENT OXYGEN and GLUCOSE.
  2. RESPIRATION cannot occur as it normally does and this could result in a heart attack.
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11
Q

What is the affect of smoking?

A
  1. Coronary vessels become more narrow, making any blockages dangerous [i.e. Lead to heart attacks]
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12
Q

What is the affect of eating fatty foods everyday?

A
  1. Blood cholesterol is heightened thus making your heart work harder to pump the blood. [i.e. Strain the heart]
  2. CHOLESTEROL- makes the lining of the heart thicker.
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13
Q

What is problem with letting yourself become too fat?

A
  1. The heart has to pump the blood further and fatty deposits narrow or block blood vessels.
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14
Q

What is the affect of alcohol consumption?

A
  1. Hardens arteries
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15
Q

What is the affect of old age?

A
  1. Decreases blood vessels elasticity.
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16
Q

The affect of lack of movement and excessive?

A
  1. Bad blood circulation
  2. Cells deprived of oxygen
  3. Glucose and waste is not removed
  4. Blood begins to clot.
17
Q

What are the body’s ‘transport systems’?

A
  1. The systems responsible for the transport of USEFUL substances to the CELLS where they are needed and of EXCRETORY substances from the cells to the EXCRETORY organs.
18
Q

What is an artery?

A
  1. Arteries are lines with THICK muscular tissue, this is because the structure is under high pressure leaving the heart.
19
Q

What is the function of the artery?

A
  1. To transport oxygenated blood from the heart to the rest of the body.
20
Q

What is a vein?

A
  1. Lining is not as thick as that of the artery as the blood is not under high pressure traveling back to the heart.
21
Q

What is the function of the vein?

A
  1. To transport blood carrying waste and excess liquids from the body.
22
Q

What is a capillary?

A
  1. Very small structure which connects arteries and veins.

2. Thin walls allow gases to diffuse in and out of the blood.

23
Q

Which blood vessels have valves?

24
Q

Why do veins have valves?

A
  1. To keep blood flowing toward the heart and to allow blood to flow against the force of gravity.
25
Q

What is the role of the valves in the blood vessels and in the heart?

A
  1. Valves in the heart determine and create the path your blood travels through in your heart.
  2. VENOUS VALVES prevent reverse blood flow
26
Q

Why are artery walls thick and muscular in comparison to veins which are not?

A
  1. Arteries- must withstand great pressure
    - they regulate blood pressure by regulating their diameter.
  2. Vein- under low pressure which allows the blood to easily drain out of the capillaries.
27
Q

Why must capillary walls be so thin?

A
  1. Thin walls allow oxygen and nutrients to pass from the blood into tissues and allow waste products to pass from tissues into the blood.
28
Q

Why does regular exercise help with blood circulation?

A
  1. The muscles surrounding the veins contract and help push the blood back to the heart, therefore increasing the blood flow.
29
Q

What are the parts of the blood?

A
  1. Many different cells carried in a liquid called PLASMAPHERESIS
  2. Plasma is similar to the raw white of an egg with water added to it- has big protein molecules in it.
  3. CO2, salts, glucose, amino acids and hormonesare dissolved in it too.
30
Q

What are the cells in the blood?

A
  1. Platelets
  2. Red blood cells
  3. White blood cells
31
Q

Platelets.

A
  1. Needed for blood clotting
  2. One drop should have at least 250 thousand of them
    [second most important cell]
32
Q

Red Blood Cells.

A
  1. Collect oxygen in the lungs and carry the oxygen to the cells.
  2. Carry CO2 away from tissues, to the lungs, where it is breathed out.
  3. One small drop has 5 million red blood cells in it.
    [most important cell]
33
Q

White Blood Cells.

A
  1. Protect body by engulfing germs
  2. Defender cells- produce antibodies which attack germs
  3. They eat dead cells and microbes (disease causing bacteria)
    [least important cell]

Grade 9 Life Sciences (5 decks)

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