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GCSE CCEA Biology unit 2 And 3 > The Circulatory System > Flashcards

The Circulatory System Flashcards

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1
Q

What are the components of the circulatory system?

A
  • blood
  • blood vessels
  • heart
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2
Q

What is the role of red blood cells?

A

To carry oxygen around the body

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3
Q

What shape are red blood cells? Why?

A
  • biconcave
  • to provide a large surface area for diffusion of oxygen
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4
Q

What are the two purposes of the circulatory system?

A
  • transportation of substances
  • protection against diseases
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5
Q

Why do red blood cells have no nucleus?

A

Increases space (or volume) for haemoglobin and oxygen

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6
Q

What are the main components of the blood? (4)

A
  • red blood cells
  • white blood cells (Lymphocytes and Phagocytes)
  • platelets
  • plasma
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7
Q

What is the purpose of the two forms of white blood cell?

A
  • Lymphocytes produce antibodies
  • phagocytes engulf and digest microorganisms in phagocytosis
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8
Q

What are the three types of blood vessels?

A
  • Veins
  • arteries
  • capillaries
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9
Q

In which direction does blood flow through each blood vessel?

A
  • artery - away from the heart
  • vein - to the heart
  • capillary - from arteries to veins
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10
Q

What is the thickness of the wall of each blood vessel?

A
  • artery - thick
  • vein - relatively thin
  • capillary - one cell thick (smallest)
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11
Q

What is the blood pressure in each blood vessel?

A
  • artery - high
  • vein - low
  • capillary - low
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12
Q

Which blood vessel always contains valves?

Which blood vessel is the only exception to this?

A
  1. Veins
  2. The aorta (artery)
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13
Q

What is haemoglobin?

A

An iron rich substance which carries oxygen in red blood cells

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14
Q

What do white blood cells do broadly speaking?

A

Protect against disease

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15
Q

What is the broad purpose of platelets? (2)

A
  • To aid blood clotting
  • to form scabs
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16
Q

How do platelets work?

A
  • They convert the soluble protein fibrinogen to the insoluble fibrin
  • this fibrin forms a mesh network that traps other blood components
17
Q

What is the purpose of plasma?

A

It is responsible for the transport of:
- blood cells
- absorbed food molecules
- carbon dioxide
- hormones
- urea
Etc.

18
Q

What is a lumen

A

The cavity (space) within a tubular structure

19
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary vein?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the lungs to the heart

20
Q

What is the function of the aorta?

A

Carries oxygenated blood from the heart around the body

21
Q

What is the function of the vena cava?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the body back to the heart

22
Q

What is the function of the pulmonary artery?

A

Carries deoxygenated blood from the heart to the lungs

23
Q

What is the function of the hepatic artery?

A

Carries oxygen and glucose to the liver

24
Q

What is the function of the hepatic portal vein?

A

Carries digested food from the small intestine to the liver

25
Q

What is the function of the hepatic vein?

A

Carries glucose and amino acids from the liver around the body

As well as carbon dioxide (from respiration) back to the heart and lungs

26
Q

What is the function of the renal artery?

A

Carries blood rich in urea to the kidneys for excretion

27
Q

What is the function of the renal vein?

A

Carries purified blood (low in urea) from the kidney to the vena cava

As well as carbon dioxide (from respiration) back to the heart and lungs

28
Q

What is unique about the human and mammal circulatory system?

A

They are double circulatory systems

29
Q

What is meant by a ‘double circulatory system’?

A

A system of blood flow where:

  • blood enters the heart twice
  • during a single circulation
30
Q

What blood vessel does the actual heart muscle receive blood from?

A

The coronary arteries (which are extensions from the aorta)

31
Q

What differences are there between the pulse rate of a fit person and an unfit person during exercise?

(3)

A

A fitter person will have:
- a lower resting heart rate
- a lower maximum heart rate
- a shorter recovery time

32
Q

What are the two main benefits of regular exercise for the heart?

A
  • it strengthens the heart’s muscle
  • it increases cardiac output (more blood/min)
33
Q

Why does pulse rate increase during exercise? (3)

A
  • muscle cells require more glucose and oxygen
  • for respiration
  • to produce energy for movement of the muscles
34
Q

How does increased cardiac output influence the movement of blood to muscles?
(2)

A
  • increases blood pressure
  • causing increased blood flow to muscles
35
Q

What is the purpose of valves?

A

To prevent back flow of blood

GCSE CCEA Biology unit 2 And 3 (7 decks)

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